Origins TV

Origins - 1811 Five Minutes with a Darwinist

Dr. Randy Guliuzza. Focus. Time is limited. Define your terms. What is evolution. The diversity of life on Earth. All the different forms of life: Where did they come from? Define science. Observation and testing. Someone changed the definition of science to include natural explanations only. Less than persuaded. We have been listening to the evidence and are less than persuaded. Don't use the word belief or believe. I don't believe evolution. It shows a willingness to listen. Evolution is based on speculation and animation. Not based on observation. Unobserved events. 1. You have to get life started. 2. You have to change from one kind to another kind. Scientists don't have a clue on how life began. There is no scientific mechanism to turn one kind of animal into another kind of animal. Show me the selector. There is no natural selector. It's a figure of speech. Figures of speech can't design things. Selecting requires volition which requires of being. Freedoms found in creation science. Free to follow the evidence where it leads. Not just naturalistic. Freedom from magic words like: arose, appeared, arrived on the scene. Real scientist don't skip over the missing data. Freedom from delusion to say the designed only looks designed. Freedom from unscientific statements. Religious statements that masquerade is science.

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Origins - 1810 Hands Marvels of Creativity

Dr. Randy Guliuzza. Marvels of creative ability. A chimpanzee does not have the brain power to throw a ball. Humans have a power grip and a micro grip. The brain can activate each individual muscle for delicate tasks. Chimps and gorillas do not have the muscle in the forearm. In 60 seconds your brain executes three programs. Extend hand, close fingers, pick up. No man-made technology can compare. Even if it could it would take an incredible amount of design. Both humans and apes features show common design. Keyboarding and typing humans brains anticipate in advance the letters that they're going to type. A skilled piano player can do 20 to 30 notes per second. Every stroke of the finger the brain has to write a new plan. There's no limit to how many plans the brain can store. We need the dexterity because we are creative creatures created in the image of God. You use your hand to mold the clay and pottery. Evolutionists think the hand evolved to punch. Ridiculous considering animals have claws for fighting. Human hands are designed to touch.

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Origins - 1809 Orphan Genes Puzzle

Dr. Gary Nelson. We can look at what is possible and what is impossible with Biology. Humans relationship to chimps. Some genes are very similar and some genes are exactly similar so why don't we look the same. We have a chin, they don't. They have no eyebrows, we do. We have an opposable thumb, they don't. Anatomists say you can tell the difference between every bone in a human or chimp body just by visual inspection. How can that be if we are genetically similar? Evolution is a theory based off change. Darwin only use evolution word once. Instead he called it descent with modification. For Darwin everything must fit in the tree of life. If one thing arose that couldn't have arisen by descent with modification then where did it come from. Darwin believe we are all one big tree. Some people now say there must have been multiple trees ever since the beginning of life. Just like dictionaries get bigger every year to add new words we are finding it new words in the DNA dictionary. Orphan genes are sequences found in one species that are not in any other species. 71% of a Tick's genes have no match in the genetic database. Limb regeneration in salamanders is done by an orphaned gene. Christians can be confident that when we look at the world it will confirm a theistic worldview.

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Origins - 1808 Design in Marine Life

Dr. Paul Nelson. Humans in the Arctic will only survive about 15 minutes. Whales and dolphins thrive in that condition even though they're warm blooded mammals. You would have to change your diet. You're sleeping. Learn and play. Mating. How do you give birth underwater to an offspring which needs to breathe air immediately. Sperm formation requires a lower temperature then body temperature. Dolphins use a refrigeration system of dorsal fin blood for cooling. That could not arise by a slow gradual process. It had to be there or they couldn't reproduce. But your bones need to change. The breathing system. Their nostrils are on the top of their head. Every breath they take is voluntary unlike us. It's like converting the Batmobile to a submarine. It would be an impossible job because you need a working organism at the end of every day. It's a worse problem because they think the changes are mistakes and not the intentional decision of an engineer. A mutation has to occur that has an advantage. It is so advantageous that it takes over the entire population. You need either a long time or a lot of mutations each generation. A casino is designed to take your money. Evolution is a game of chance that you have to win every hand. Echolocation is the most sophisticated sonar system on Earth. Dolphins see with sound. Dolphins can see things fish buried under ocean floor. They can see inside of things.

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Origins - 1807 Creation to Christ Part 2

Jay Seegert. Getting a big picture of history. Not just jumping into the New Testament. 2000 BC to the time of Christ. God calls Abram. Ishmael is born. Isaac is born. Jacob and Esau are born. Jacob's name was changed to Israel. Israel has 12 sons. Judah becomes the lineage of Christ. Joseph goes down to Egypt. The whole family moves to Egypt. The Hebrews become slaves. Moses is born. His life is spared and he is raised in Pharaoh's house for 40 years. Moses flees for 40 years after killing an Egyptian. God Appears to Moses and sends him to Pharaoh. The 10 plagues. Crossing the Red Sea. 40 years wandering the desert. Jericho walls fall down. Israel takes over the land. God raises up judges. Gideon, Samson, Samuel, Deborah. God would bless them. Israel would sin. God would send judgment. They would repent. God would deliver them. Saul becomes the first king. God chooses David. Solomon becomes king. Because of Solomon's actions God divides the kingdom. The northern kingdom made of ten tribes is called Israel. There are 19 Kings, almost all bad. 250 years. The Assyrians took Israel into captivity. They never come together again when they are released. The southern kingdom called Judah made of Judah and Benjamin. After 400 years taken captive by Babylon. A Remnant returns to Jerusalem. Nehemiah rebuilds the wall around Jerusalem. The Medes and Persians take over. Romans take over. Then Christ comes.

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Origins - 1806 Creation to Christ Part 1

Jay Seegert. Almost nothing in the New Testament makes sense without the Old Testament. Most people's knowledge of the Old Testament as just a bunch of jumbled stories. Out of order. Creation about 6000 years ago. 4400 years ago the flood. Jesus around year 0. 1500 BC to 400 BC most of the Old Testament was written. First event is creation in 6 days. Dinosaurs created on day 6. Soft dinosaur tissue. Carbon-14 in dinosaur bones. Unfossilized tissue. Dinosaur DNA. They cannot be millions of years old. Next event is the fall. Worldwide flood. Fossils on top of mountains. Fossils form under catastrophic conditions. No erosion or soil between layers. No animals churning the layers digging. Folded sedimentary rock layers. Canyons all over the planet. The Ice Age. The Tower of Babel.

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Origins - 1805 Design in DNA

Dr. Georgia Purdom. The only explanation for information in DNA is if it was designed. We have 3 billion base pairs of DNA. About 6 ft in each cell. We have 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans, and 20,000 genes. Gene's code for proteins. That only makes up 20% of our DNA. DNA is transcribed by RNA. RNA makes proteins. The other 98% of our DNA regulates the 2% of genes. Sequence design: The actual sequence of the DNA. Non-coding RNA. Repetitive sequences. Pseudogenes. The encode project discovered even the non-coding regions are transcribed into RNA. If they are evolutionary leftovers why waste energy transcribing them and keeping him. Now we know 80% of our DNA is being used. The research is still ongoing on the other 20%. The non-coding regions are found to be responsible for some diseases. The difference between human and animal DNA is in the non-coding regions. Structural design. Epigenetics. Chemical markers outside of or around the genes that affect the genes. Markers on the DNA sometimes pass to the children. Environmental variables can cause markers to attach. It is very clear the design DNA. Romans 1 says people suppress the truth in unrighteousness.

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Origins - 1804 Adam and Eve Genetics

Dr. Georgia Purdom. Many people think human and chimp DNA have disproved Adam and Eve. It all comes down to interpretation, not the science. If Christians are believing we evolved over millions of years then where is Adam and Eve? Christian evolutionists reject a literal Adam and Eve because it doesn't match up with naturalistic science. Do they reject the virgin birth or the resurrection? In order to fit the data to the interpretation scientists sequence the genes that they know will be similar. Genes encode proteins and all proteins are going to be similar. They purposely don't count non-aligned DNA, gaps, copy number variations, and size differences. These are important differences but they don't count them because it doesn't fit the evolutionary story. The only difference evolutionist count are substitutions in aligned regions. Some scientists call it junk DNA but we know all DNA is important. Chimp and human DNA is 85% similar. Not 99% similar. That's 400 million difference and that does not count non-sequence differences. There's many layers to DNA. There are three billion base pairs in nucleus of a cell. There is more DNA in the mitochondria. Mitochondria have their own circular sequence of DNA. Is only passed down through the mother. Everyone in the world has the same mitochondrial DNA, it is very very similar. When they first calculated the age mitochondrial Eve they compared all the human DNA and came up about six thousand years. That was too close to the biblical number so they began comparing it to chimp DNA. Now they say she lived over 100,000 years ago. We know the mutation rate. If mitochondrial Eve was 100000 years old she should have 1000 mutations. If she is 6000 years old she should have 79 mutations. Looking at all the mitochondrial DNA in the world it has 77 differences. If there was no Adam and Eve then there was no fall. If there was no fall why do we need Jesus? Did God call death, suffering, and killing very good?

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Origins - 1803 The Ark Encounter

Inside the ark encounter. It all comes down to your worldview. If you can show that science confirms the Bible's account of history then people are more likely to believe all 66 books of the Bible and that Jesus is is our Lord and Savior. How many animals? How did speciation happen so fast? Mitochondrial DNA fits what we expect if the Bible is true. Number of lineages. The number of differences. Population shrinking bottleneck. Population growth rate. The splitting of languages. It's not what evolutionist expect. Taking back the rainbow. This ministry is all about the gospel. The ark is to show people that God's word is true. It's not a fairy-tale. Bathtub ark. Each couple has their own living quarters. After the flood the Ice Age started. Tower of Babel. Ancient man was not primitive. The ark was assembled from the inside out and in slices. Amish workers came from multiple States. Amish Foreman 50 years ago had always wanted to build an ark and already drafted plans. Flood legends with many similarities with the biblical account. Was it just a local flood? The Bible says all the high hills were covered. Why spend years building an ark when you can just move. The rainbow is a promise God never sent this style of judgment again. It could not be a local flood because we still see floods all the time. How do you cover Mount Everest or the Andes? Those mountains did not exist until plate tectonics at the end of the flood. There was one door to the ark. You had to go through that door to be saved. There is only one way to be safe in the future judgments and that is through the door Jesus Christ.

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Origins - 1802 The Genius of Birds

Dr. Paul Nelson. The evolutionist asks, How can you doubt the scientific consensus that dinosaurs evolved theropod dinosaurs? How can you doubt that this happened by an unguided evolutionary process? Answer, How do you know it was an undirected process? What would be required to build a bird that can fly? We know that complex systems do not work with random changes. Undirected random changes makes working systems into not working systems. Many explorers died trying to create flying machines. It is not simple. You must have three things to fly: Lift, Thrust, and Control on three axes (Roll, Pitch, and Yaw). The Wright brothers said if birds can do it, and it's not magic, then we can do it too. The Wright brothers reverse-engineered birds. The feather is light, hollow, and incredibly strong. Natural selection cannot explain the origin of feathers because the proto-feather would have need a function to be passed on to the offspring. The body plan changes required to turn a theropod into a bird would be detrimental to life. Scientists accept natural selection not because of the evidence, but for psychological reasons. Darwin had theological and philosophical viewpoints and wanted to eliminate design from science. Scientist today do the same thing.

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Origins - 1801 The Butterfly Enigma

Dr. Paul Nelson. How do you go from a caterpillar to a butterfly and maintain viability by an evolutionary process? Natural selection: Variations passed on to the offspring that allow more offspring than the competition. Can that explain the butterfly? Natural selection is a three step process: Variation. Selection. Heredity. If you want to understand evolution you have to understand the developmental pathways. In the chrysalis the caterpillar is essentially dead, but in evolution you cannot pass through a stage where you are dead. The caterpillar eats a lot. Much of that mass is converted into structures which do not exist on the original caterpillar. Some cells are programmed to die and their components are recycled into new cells. Proboscis tube is created. The wings have tubes that fill with fluid to inflate, then the fluid drains and the wings dry out. Evolution has no foresight and cannot plan. Just like Houdini has a plan for getting out of the handcuffs underwater, the butterfly has a pre-programmed plan to get out of the chrysalis. True scientists will not ignore the only solution to this puzzle. A designer.

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Origins - 1710 Surprise the Bible Explains That

Jay Seegert. Earth's oceans. According to evolution Earth formed in a molten state. It cooled down and then the oceans came as frozen water from space. Not sure where the water came from. Some suggest Earth had water all the way from the beginning. Earth is over 70% covered with water. They believe there's a global flood on Mars but say it's impossible to have a global flood on Earth. Scientist now say there may be up to three times as much water in the mantle as is currently at the surface. The Bible in Genesis 1 and 2nd Peter 3 both say the Earth was created out of water. Y chromosome Adam and Mitochondrial Eve. Scientists used to think they lived thousands of years apart but now think they lived around the same time. Population bottleneck. Scientists say a short time ago the human population dwindled it to just few humans and almost went extinct. Genesis 8 says God flooded the world and the whole population reduced to eight people. Scoffers will say everything continues as it was since the beginning. They are willingly ignorant that God created the world out of water and flooded the world with water. If you deny those two things your hypotheses will be off. Mutation rate in DNA. Scientists say all mutations have occurred within the past 200 Generations. The mostly occurring in the past 5000 years. Looking at the genealogies in the Bible there has been about 200 generations and a flood 4400 years ago. You would expect mutations to increase after the flood. Epigenetics. Choices you make affect your DNA and possibly your children's DNA. Exodus 34. God will visit iniquity of the fathers on the children. Children tend to commit the sins of the father and so are punished.

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Origins - 1709 The Bible's Inspiration - Scientific Evidence

Jay Seegert - The Starting Point Project. How do you know God wrote the Bible? Do you have a blind faith? There are four tests to qualify if something is written by God. 1) Internal consistency. 2) Historical accuracy. 3) Prophetic accuracy. 4) Scientific accuracy. The Bible is not a scientific textbook. If it were it would have to be updated every year. Astronomy: Genesis 22:17. The number of stars is like the number of sand on the seashore. Jeremiah 33:22. The hosts of heaven cannot be numbered. Throughout most of history the human eye could count the number of stars. Now we know there are an uncountable number of stars. Jeremiah 33. Geology: Genesis 6 talks about global flood. We find sedimentary layers deposited all over the world full of fossils that required a global flood. Biology: Nehemiah 9:6. God gave life to everything. The law of biogenesis: Life only comes from life. Life cannot come into existence spontaneously. Genesis 1:24. Animals will bring forth after their kind. Variation is limited. Dogs will always bring forth the same kind of animal. Leviticus 17:11. The life of the flesh is in the blood. It was not always known that blood is essential for life. Exodus 15:26. God told Moses none of the diseases will be upon you. Numbers 19:11. If you touch a dead body you'll be unclean for 7 days. Numbers 19:11. You must wash with cedar wood, hyssop, scarlet wool, and ashes of a heifer. Heifer ashes and cedar wood combine to make lye. We use lye to make soap. The hyssop plant converts into isopropyl alcohol. This formula would have been very good for killing bacteria. Moses grew up in Egypt where they said to put dung and guts on some wounds. God is more wise than the Egyptians. Genesis 17:12. Every male must be circumcised on the eighth day. Many irreducible factors in your blood are needed for proper clotting which could not have evolved. Vitamin K and prothrombin spike on the 8th day. Dozens of author's writing over thousands of years all have the same message. If you look at any verse in the proper context there are no contradictions.

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Origins - 1708 Why Build an Ark

Ken Ham - Answers in Genesis is here to give an answer as in 1st Peter 3:15. The Ark Encounter is there to give answers, or an apologia in the Greek. To give a defense. The Bible has come under attack, especially Genesis 1 through 11. The majority of kids go to public school and come home asking questions that their parents can't answer and Sunday school teachers can't answer. Don't worry. Just trust in Jesus. But we learn about Jesus from this book. If the beginning of the book is not true, how can you trust what it says about Jesus. Research shows that people are leaving the church because they are unable to get answers about biblical questions. Children recognize the inconsistency. You can't choose which parts of the Bible to believe. Even those that don't leave the church 60% believe you have to be a good person to get to heaven. 40% believe you don't have to be born again. England went from 50% church attendance after World War 1 to 5%. America is losing church attendance. Truth becomes subjective. You can make truth whatever you want it to be. Like the Book of Judges which says “Everyone did that which was right in their own eyes”. The Creation Museum and Ark Encounter were built as reminders of God's Word and to give people answers. Joshua had the men of Israel choose 12 stones and they were to serve as a reminder to the future generations of what God did. We need to reach the next generation and reach the world. After Joshua died, and all those elders died, the children stopped following in just one generation. The Creation Museum is a walk through history to show that the Bible is true. Creation, Corruption, Catastrophe, Confusion, Christ, Cross, Consummation. People ask the same basic questions. Hasn’t science disprove the Bible? Where did God come from? How you know the Bible is true? What about the races? What about dinosaurs? How did Noah feed all the animals on the ark? The Ark Encounter is the largest timber frame structure in the world. The quality of the exhibits matches that of Disney World. Whatever you do, do as unto the Lord. Why should the world have the best quality. It is part of our witness. Christians should be the ones that are known for doing a good job and being honest in their work. Themed attractions to spread the gospel message. The greatest symbol of salvation is the cross. The second greatest symbol is the ark. There was only one door would you had to come through to be saved. Noah was a preacher of righteousness. The world is a graveyard full of fossils. Many believe those that graveyard is a symbol of evolution but it is actually a symbol of the judgment of the flood. Before the door shut you had to come through it to be saved. Right now a door is open for the future judgment. You must come through Jesus to be saved. But soon that door to will shut.

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Origins - 1707 One on One

Dr. Ray Heiple, Jr. - Interviewing Don Chapman the host of Origins. Russ Bixler started Origins and hosted from 1985-2000. The founder of Cornerstone television. If we don't understand that God is the Creator then we don't have a foundation for sharing the gospel. If God created us then we have an obligation to Him. We have sinned and we need a Savior. The gospel doesn't stick unless people understand God created the world. Russ understood that we have to reclaim creation so the gospel makes sense. Blessed to be a non-scientist asking questions so that the common people can understand scientists. If there is no creation there's no context for sin and there's no need for salvation. If you don't believe Genesis then you don't need to believe the rest of the Bible. It's God's worldview that he created you. And that should be your worldview too. A worldview is the way in which we view the world. if evolution is true that we are here by random chance and there is no purpose in life, there is no standard, there is no reason. There is evidence that can be used for young Earth and evidence that can be used for an old Earth. We should listen to Christians that believe in an old Earth to learn from them. The age of the Earth is a family feud. The belief in evolution tries to destroy creation. We have to know who is our enemy. When this program started there was almost no creation ministries. That has completely changed. The guests that we have on the show have made a great sacrifice to be biblical creationists. You can get more money and more people to buy your books if you publish the secular world. The reason to give to support this program is because it spreads the truth and it is worth it. Grateful for the opportunity. Pray for the program and pray for the host. New host Dr. Ray Heiple. Went to college got a degree. Worked in television. Called to become a pastor and went back to seminary. All truth is God's truth. More and more young men going into the pastoral ministry don't believe Genesis 1 is actual history. No one has shown them the creation side. The schools don't talk about it. The University's mock it. They don't realize the evidence is now on our side. You don't have to be ashamed to be a Christian because of creation. This show touches lives and answers questions.

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Origins - 1706 Rocks as Clocks

Dr. Marcus Ross - Relative dating is trying to put rocks in order early to late. Radioactive dating or radiometric dating supposedly gives millions or billions of years ages using the decay rate of unstable atoms. Parent element decays into a daughter element. A half-life is the amount of time it takes for the parent to decay into one half of the quantity of the original. Carbon-14 is made in the atmosphere. We absorb carbon-14 by eating the plans which absorbed the radioactive carbon dioxide. When we die we stop in taking carbon and our overall carbon-14 count decreases as it decays. Any plant or animal can be carbon-14 dated. Assumption: There has been no contamination. Assumption: Has the carbon-14 ratio in the atmosphere always been the same? Carbon-14 only lasts for thousands of years; however, all samples of dinosaur bones, coal, and diamonds have carbon-14. These results confirm the biblical age of the Earth but contradict millions of years. No one had tried to carbon date a diamond before the RATE team from ICR. Diamonds are chemically dead so they cannot have a carbon atom replaced with a carbon-14 atom. Un-fossilized dinosaur tissues also cannot be millions of years old. Dinosaur blood vessels, blood cells, osteoclasts, proteins, and segments of DNA have all been found unfossilized.

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Origins - 1705 Dating Rocks, Relatively Speaking

Dr. Marcus Ross - How do we determine the meaning behind the rocks. Relative dating of rocks is determining what happened first, what happened second, etc. Radiometric dating tries to add numerical ages. The geologic column created to categorize layers and fossils. Nicolaus Steno, a geologist from the 1600s, tried to figure out how an animal could turn into a rock. Tongue Stones were actually fossil sharks teeth. Created three rules for sedimentary rocks. 1. Rocks are created from sand and mud deposited in a originally horizontal layer. Rocks that are tilted must have been uplifted because they formed a flat. 2. The rocks formed in horizontal sheets. Oldest on the bottom newest on the top. Superposition. God made rocks and horizontal sheets. God stack them up. Other formations like erosion or lava tube happened later. 3. A geologist thinks from the bottom up. Layers deposited, layers lifted, layers eroded. Rule of inclusions. Rock which contains pieces of another rock must have formed later. Creationists and evolutionists agree on this process. Steno was a young Earth creationist. He submitted and had approved a geology of Italy to the Catholic Church. If you want to believe in millions of years and a worldwide flood then the flood has to be in the very top layer, but there is no evidence in the top layer of a flood. Mesozoic is middle life, and Cenozoic is recent animal life. Index fossils define the type of life in the layer. Different layers have different fossils. Since animals are buried in different layers they either lived at different times, or lived in different areas. The rocks of the world can be placed in a relative time order. These relationships can be traced across small areas or large areas like an entire continent.

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Origins - 1704 Big Problems with Natural Selection

Dr. Robert Carter - Natural selection definition. Nature cannot think. Survival of the fittest is an inaccurate phrase. It is not the fittest who survives. The one with the most children survives. We should call it differential reproduction. Natural selection is not contrary to the Bible. Offspring that fit the environment will have more children than offspring who do not fit the environment. You don't have to die for natural selection to work, it's about reproduction. It would just take more time. If natural selection were not built into God's design everything would have gone extinct. There is no good definition for species. All of the cats are able to reproduce and have viable offspring even though they're different species. The same is true for dogs, wolves, coyotes, and jackals. The Bible uses the word “kind” to describe the created animals. A kind is not a species. A kind is the original created group that can reproduce with themselves, but not with other groups. Taxonomically we would call this a family. Charles Darwin thought of the Tree of Life where one ancestor turned into all the species. There are false accusations that Christians believe in a “lawn of life” where every species was created. Even before Darwin creationist believed in a “forest of life”. One kind branching too many species. It was a creationist Edward Blyth who had the idea of natural selection before Darwin. Natural selection is not the same as evolution. In the Bible Jacob artificially selected the species through breeding. Antibiotic resistance is a bad example of natural selection. The resistant strain grows slower than the non-resistant strain of bacteria. Sickle cell anemia makes you resistant to malaria but sickle cell anemia is a bad mutation. The Spanish Flu from after World War I mutated into H1 N1. The human version of H1 N1 went extinct in 2009 because of the number of mutations. The swine flu H1 N1 is now around. Human H1 N1 had 13% of its genome changed by mutations causing it to go extinct. Evolutionists believe humans and chimpanzees are separated by the same number of generations as H1 N1. This means humans could not have been around for millions of years. There are between 1 and 3 mutations for every cell division. We have 2 trillion cells in our bodies. Every generation adds about 100 mutations that were not in the previous generation. Natural selection cannot remove mutations. All those mutations are bad in some way. Bacteria may be able to survive this but complex species are all doomed from the mutations. Natural selection cannot slow down decay. Natural selection can only remove stuff, it cannot add stuff. Even if a beneficial mutation could happen it is outnumbered 1 million to one. Mathematically it cannot happen. Natural selection cannot cause evolution. Natural selection does not do what Darwin needed. Darwin realize this and introduced kin selection, sexual selection, and group selection. Population geneticists don't like those ideas because they don't work either. Romans 5. Why does natural selection happen? Because Adam sinned and brought death into the world. Therefore we need a redeemer. Natural selection will be one of the things that pass away. The former things have passed away. No more death or decay when God restores all things. Restore means that the original something was marred. The creation evolution debate has changed with the introduction of genetics.

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Origins - 1703 Noahs Flood Genetics

Dr. Robert Carter - The origins of Adam and Eve. The genetic effects of Noah's flood and the Tower of Babel. Genesis 1. We started with two people: Adam and Eve. About 1,600 years later the world population was reduced to eight people at Noah's flood. The number of generations before the Flood will affect the genetics of Noah's family. An article in Creation Journal used a computer program to estimate pre-flood population. Variables ranged from going extinct all the way to 8% population growth rate where the population would double every nine years. From genetics it appears there was a population of hundreds of thousands before the flood, not millions. Shem, Ham, and Japheth. From these three came the whole population of the Earth. Third major effect on genetics was the Tower of Babel. During the days of Peleg the Earth was divided. That is the context of the Tower of Babel, not floods or water levels rising. The Tower of Babel was a couple centuries after the flood. The population could have grown much, much faster. 70 people came into Egypt with Joseph and over 2 million people left Egypt. Food and farming is essential for population growth. You would only need a .4% growth rate in Egypt before the exodus. If evolution were true there should be trillions of people. That is not possible. If 1 million people lived for 1 million years where are the bones? Why didn't anybody invent farming for millions of years? A low population would restrict the diversity genetic diversity we see today. If the Bible is true there should be only be one male ancestor today. If the Bible is true there should only be one female ancestor today. This is exactly what we have found in modern genetics. If there were millions of people over millions of years there will be much more diversity. Evolutionists believe that very small groups left a point in Africa spreading across the world. We would say leaving in the Middle East. The Tower of Babel is approximately the same time as the Ice Age. That was the only time in history you could have walked around the world on dry ground. Species with many mutations cannot survive over the long term. H1 N1 virus that killed so many people by World War 1 went extinct. At the current human mutation rate we could not exist for millions of years. 1. Humans go back to one man and one woman. 2. The flood would not have been a disaster for genetics but would have caused a flattening of the allele frequency distribution. In a Biblical time scale it is easy to get 7 billion people, but our genes are driving us towards extinction. Genetics confirms many biblical accounts like a young Earth.

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Origins - 1702 UFOs A Biblical Perspective

Dr. Danny Faulkner - Space aliens and the Bible. ET is an extraterrestrial creature from outside of the Earth. LGM = Little Green Men. Flying Saucer is a more specific term. UFO is the correct term unidentified flying object. IFO = Identified Flying Object. Our primary goal is to make UFOs IFOs. If ETs exist how did life get there? Did it evolve or was it created? There are so far 2000 planets that have been discovered. Zero of which are Earth-like. No other planets have been found to have life. The Drake equation calculates the odds of finding intelligent life in the universe. Scientifically it seems like there is no life elsewhere in the universe. If Earth is the only planet with life than Earth is a special place. This is inconceivable to those who believe in evolution so the search for life continues. We know from other episodes life can't evolve so did God create ETs? If God created them they would have to be similar to us in many characteristics. Would they to have inherited Adam's sin nature? To share the gospel would we have to start, “Long, long ago in a galaxy far far away”? Romans 8 says that all of creation is tainted by sin so ETs would be living in a sin cursed world. All of creation was affected by sin. 2nd Peter and Revelation talk about the need for a new Heaven and a new Earth because the old ones are tainted. In conclusion, scientifically we are alone, and biblically we are alone. Man has dominion over the other forms of life on this planet. It would be different if there were life on other planets with no man to have dominion over them. The life of the flesh is in the blood. Plants, bacteria, and many other creatures are not alive in a biblical sense. Even that kind of life probably does not exist on other planets. Some claim the lights in the skies are Satan or demonic. Not the preferred answer. Many times these people are linked to the occult. The assumptions that make people believe evolution also make them believe in aliens. Our faith is based on a historical fact, not science fiction. We should seek the one will be coming from the sky.

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Origins - 1702 UFOs A Biblical Perspective.mp4

Origins - 1701 The Firmament of Genesis 1

Dr. Danny Faulkner - Creation model of astronomy. Expanse is a better rendering than firmament. Most Bible versions use the word expanse. Heavens plural in Genesis 1:1? Common interpretation is “heavens” (plural) mean God created sky, space, and heaven on day 1. God separated waters (plural) on day two. The “heavens” on day one must be talking about something different than the “expanse” on day two. “Stars” made on day four. The Hebrew word for “heavens” has no singular. The word “heaven” occurs 430 times in the OT and clearly means things above us. The Hebrew word for “expanse” is only used 17 times in the OT and 9 of those are in Genesis 1. Day 4 God created lights in the “expanse” of the “heavens”. The expanse is a location where the astronomical bodies are located (sun, moon, and stars). The Flammarion Engraving from 1888 depicted the Flat Earth myth, but Medieval people did not believe in a flat Earth. Ancient Greeks believed in a solid sphere around the Earth and the stars were points on that sphere (Stereoma). Some influenced by external factors believe in a canopy model of ice. Rejected by most creation scientists. If the expanse is outer space that means there must be waters above the expanse or at the edge of the universe. Also if the water came from Earth then Earth is near the center of the universe. Evidence from the redshift of galaxies confirm we are near the center of the universe. The Bible uses the word “water” in Genesis 1, not “ice” or “gas” which some creationist models use. Somehow it must be liquid water. Since all matter radiates wavelengths the water from the edge should radiate wavelengths from all directions. Based on Scripture we should see radiation radiating from all directions that has been stretched out across the universe. Cosmic microwave background radiation could be coming from the waters above at the edge of the universe. Maybe the observable universe is the universe. Genesis 1:1 is an introduction and the details follow.

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Origins - 1701 The Firmament of Genesis 1.mp4

Origins - 1615 Races and Human Populations

Dr. Robert Carter. - The Bible claims to be the history book of the universe. About 6,000 years ago God created the world. A worldwide flood about 4,400 years ago reduce the population to eight people. People would have dispersed across the world from a central location called Babel. Modern geneticists using mitochondrial DNA have traced the epicenter of humans to the Middle East. Some people don't like that and want it to come out of Africa. Intermarriage at the time of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob caused the genetic characteristics for appearance to become pronounced. This is true for all human populations since typically they marry someone within 10 to 12 miles of where they live. Everyone is inbred at some level. Genetic bottlenecks have happened throughout history. The whole European continent is founded by only a few people. Everyone in England is fifth cousins. Modern genetics has showed us that there is only one race. There's no reason for racism. Polygenesis. Did God create multiple races? Where did Cain find his wife? There were 130 years between creation and the birth of Seth. Adam had many sons and daughters. There could have been more than 1,000 people alive after 130 years. Light skin is caused by a broken melanin gene. Adam and Eve probably would have been middle brown. Dark skin is not caused by a curse on Ham. Canaan was cursed by Noah. Canaan produced the Canaanites. Most of Canaan's descendants lived in the Middle East and not Africa. Twins have been born with European skin color and African skin color. Organ transplants have happened between Australian Aborigines and Europeans. According to evolution these people groups have been separated for tens of millions of years but they're still compatible. God did not condemn intermarriages when the other nation converted. Joseph had an Egyptian wife. Ruth the Moabite. Rahab from Jericho. The gospel is to go to all. Darwin wrote that the cvilized races would exterminate the savage races, and that the African races are closer to that of a chimp or baboon. Adolf Hitler applied Darwinian theory to the European population to try and exterminate weaker races. There have been about 150 generations since the flood 4,500 years ago. Geneticist have confirmed this. Jesus is the kinsman-redeemer. You had to be a kin to be redeemed. All people are descendants of Adam. Jesus is a descendant of Adam, therefore we are all kin of Jesus so He can be our Redeemer.

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Origins - 1615 Races and Human Populations.mp4

Origins - 1614 Biblical Age of the Earth

Dr. Robert Carter. - The Bible claims to be the history book in the universe. It clearly says God created the universe in six literal days. The New Testament has over 100 references to Genesis, and over 60 of them reference the creation, the flood, and the Tower of Babel. Jesus said that Adam was created at the beginning of creation. Archbishop James Ussher calculated the date 4004 BC. To align the Bible with history we need a actual date of something that happened. Historical Pegs. Most common used date is the Babylonian captivity. 586 BC is very well documented in secular history and in the Bible. You can use the date of Christ's birth or crucifixion using the Book of Daniel. Date Locks. Date ranges in the Bible. The time from Exodus to Judges 11 was 300 years. Some dates are rounded off. Chrono genealogy is include a timestamp. Anno Mundi abbreviated as AM (Year of the World). Date slippage occurs when adding years on a calendar. About every other generation you lose a year depending on what month someone was born within the year. Adam and Eve would have noticed days by the sun. Months by the moon. And years by the position of the stars. At the time of The Exodus the Israelites were adding a month to make up for the 11 extra days in a calendar year compared to a lunar year. Between creation and The Exodus there could be a discrepancy of up to 90 years based on solar years. A lot of the patriarch ages end with a zero or a five. It is possible they were rounding off ages. Maybe they were ratcheting ages. Skipping years unless they ended in a zero or five. Maybe they tried converting from lunar to solar years. There are 308 years of uncertainty. Abraham left Haran after Terah died. Abraham was 75 when Terah died but doesn’t say he left that year. Worst case scenario Abraham could have left her on 50 years after Terah died. Israel was in Egypt for 430 years. Does that time start with Abraham, with Joseph, or Jacob. Long or short sojourn: 215 years of uncertainty. Kings of Judah and Israel: 54 years of uncertainty. The dates in the Septuagint are much longer than the dates in Masoretic text: 1,326 years of uncertainty. If you simply add up the dates in the Bible you get to 4220 BC. The worst case scenario: Lunar minimum 3822 BC, or using the Septuagint maximum 5665 BC.

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Origins - 1614 Biblical Age of the Earth.mp4

Origins - 1613 Who Believes What

Dr. Marcus Ross - Creationism. Young creation. Old creation. Intelligent design. Evolutionary creationism. Young Earth creation on one side, materialistic atheism on the other side. Bad belief classification charts. Demarcation line separating the two issues. The Bible or science. If you believe the Bible you cannot use science. Biblical creationist Carl von Linne formalized the classification system for animals. William Paley used Natural Theology to identify God’s handiwork. Isaac Newton believe God put the planets in motion. Geologist Nicholas Steno was the first to classify the rocks. Started the science of stratigraphy classifying rocks. The demarcation line fails because scientists have believed the Bible. Flat earthers don't take the Bible literally using a Grammatical Historical Method. Intelligent design believers don't fit on the scale because they range from secular to bible-believing Christian. New classification system is needed contrasting the Center for Science Education, that looks at multiple aspects. 1) The Universe and Life: Atelic or Telic (Purpose or no purpose?). 2) Design/Teleos: Undetectable or Detectable (Can we detect the purpose using science?). 3) The Nature of the Designer: Corporeal or Non-corporeal (Physical, non-physical, pantheistic, something else?). 4) The Nature of the Designer: Transcendent or non-Transcendent of the Universe (Is it part of the universe or not part of the universe?). 5) The Nature of the Designer: Theistic or non-Theistic (Active or inactive?). 6) Biological History: Discontinuous or Continuous (Groups specially created?). 7) Age of the Earth: Old or Young (Thousands of years old or billions of years old?). Using these criteria you come up with a nested hierarchy of design on how closely related their beliefs are.

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Origins - 1613 Who Believes What.mp4

Origins - 1612 Monstrous Mosasaurs

Dr. Marcus Ross - Mosasaur biology. Small ones are 10 feet long and big ones 54 feet long. These are true lizards that live in the ocean. Mosasaurs ate pretty much anything. Fish, shark, bird, and other mosasaurs were all found in the stomach area. Plotosaurus very streamlined. Many fingers on its flipper. Strong tail for propulsion. Globidens was a shell crushing mosasaur. Mosasaur are found on every continent. They are found in the late Cretaceous the uppermost part of the flood rocks. A lot are found in Alabama, Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas. How did they get there? All mosasaurs are found below at the Paleogene boundary. Discovery of iridium formd the hypothesis of an asteroid strike which killed the dinosaurs. Iridium is found in asteroids and inside of the Earth. New Jersey and the Netherlands have the same mosasaurs and the same iridium in the deposit. An asteroid strike would cause a nuclear winter. God blotted out life from the planet. Probably using meteors too. Biostratigraphy.

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Origins - 1612 Monstrous Mosasaurs.mp4

Origins - 1611 Are There Earth-like Planets

Dr. Danny Faulkner - Other stars are so far away it's very difficult to see if they have planets. Very recently extrasolar planets have been discovered. If life evolved on Earth and there are billions of extrasolar planets then life may have evolved other planets. What does the Bible say? The Bible says God created the Earth to be inhabited. I am the Lord there is no other. Earth is put in a special category just as man is put in a special category. What does it mean to be Earth-like? Orbiting the right type of star. Right distance from the star. The right amount of mass. The Moon is in the habitable zone but has no life. The right composition including iron. If the planet is too large the atmospheres made up with the wrong elements. Mars has a similar rotation and a similar tilt. 100 years ago they thought the marks on Mars were huge canals that the Martian civilization used to bring water to the tropical Zone. First extrasolar planets discovered around a pulsar. Pulsars are supposed to be at the remains of a supernova but a supernova would have destroyed the planets. Planet discovered around a g-type star that has a four-day orbit. The Kepler mission measured thousands of stars a minute and could detect a ten-thousandth variation. 2000 planets found already. Many solar systems exist. None are Earth-like. Thousands of planets discovered but the Earth is unique.

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Origins - 1611 Are There Earth-like Planets.mp4

Origins - 1610 What’s New on Pluto

Dr. Danny Faulkner - Pluto was named for the god of the underworld. Cartoon character and element plutonium named after Pluto. 5 moons. New Horizons launched in 2006. Pluto is smaller than the moon. They were expecting Pluto to have lots of craters but it has very few. Its moon Charon also has very few craters. They thought the planet and the moon would be very similar, but they are very different. Mountains made out of ice. Blue topaz layers in its atmosphere. Small planets cannot hold onto their atmosphere for very long. Mixture of rock and ice. Glaciers used to be on Pluto. It was expected Pluto would be geologically inactive because it is so far from the Sun. Glaciers are found nowhere else except for Earth. Over time mountains will reach equilibrium no sink down and smooth out. Pluto's surface looks young. Hydrostatic equilibrium. Heat is required to have geologic activity. Where did that come from? Primordial from the beginning? Radioactive decay? Nearby heat source? Heat should be gone if Pluto is old. There are no heavy elements. No nearby heat sores. Three sound facts that reach the same conclusion. Pluto is Young.

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Origins - 1610 What’s New on Pluto.mp4

Origins - 1609 The Darwin Effect

Dr. Jerry Bergman - Darwin has an incredible effect on society. Who is the most evil man that ever lived? The works that Darwin produced created the worst people in the world. Hitler, Stalin, Lenin, and Mao. Men of the sword created by Darwin's books. Definition of evolution: The goo to you by way of the zoo. Everything from the universe to humans evolved. 99.9 percent of mutations are near neutral or deleterious. We are evolving downward. Genetic entropy is well measured. Every generation has 50 to 100 new mutations. Karl Marx was a devoted Christian until he went to University. Communism has been anti-Christian since Karl Marx. Religion is the opiate of the people. More Christians died in the last century from persecution then all the rest of history combined. Lenin was fascinated with Darwin. Stalin was a seminary student. They wanted to murder. Darwinism is incredibly important for atheism. Science is knowledge, but Darwinists want to stop true knowledge that contradicts Darwinism. Peer pressure in the academic world is huge. Creationists are filtered out. Professors ask students to stand up and leave if they're creationist.

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Origins - 1609 The Darwin Effect.mp4

Origins - 1608 Hitlers Darwinian Worldview

Dr. Jerry Bergman - Hitler wanted to create a racially pure Empire. Took over the schools. Replaced Christianity with social Darwinism. The gas chambers in Auschwitz were created at the desks and lecture halls of scientist and philosophers. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. Very little opposition. Christians opposed but too little too late. Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Eugenics determined which people were the inferior race. In reality the brown eye is superior because it offers more protection and blue eyes are a mutation. Corporal Goldberg was the poster boy for the Aryan race turned out to be Jewish. Josef Mengele had a PhD in evolutionary biology. Used science to do mass experiments and dispose of huge amounts of bodies. The idea of a superior race came from Natural Selection and evolution. Ideas have consequences. Many important people in Nazi Germany started as professing Christians and fell away after taught Darwinism. Hitler made the choice to kill the Jews instead of putting resources into fighting the war. That was more important to him. Hitler had a great influence on the dehumanization of people in Africa.

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Origins - 1608 Hitlers Darwinian Worldview.mp4

Origins - 1607 Evolution Let the Animals Speak

Dr. Jerry Bergman - Armadillo. Unlike any animal we know of. Lots of fossils of armadillos because of a hard shell but no signs of evolution in the fossil record. Turtles. Lots of turtles the fossil record. the earliest turtle is a turtle. No signs of turtle evolution. Platypus is a conundrum for evolution. Unique features and genes of mammals, reptiles and birds. Platypus has bone structures that are unique to reptiles and no other mammal or marsupial. Message creation theory. God created life and a deliberate way to make it look created. Platypus has voltage detectors to test if the thing in front of it is alive. Picks up electrical fields. Kiwi. Egg is almost as large as the animal. Darwin used the kiwi as an example of evolution losing flight. If Darwin were alive today he would see the evidence against evolution and rejected his theory.

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Origins - 1607 Evolution Let the Animals Speak.mp4

Origins - 1606 Truth Lies and Science Education - Part 2

Paul Taylor - According to the fossil record horses were smaller in the past. Textbook asks what caused it and then suggests evolution. Dogs coyotes and wolves. Tasmanian wolf and gray wolf according to evolution don't have a common ancestor. Students need to be able to communicate basic biological evolution. Hegel's embryos going through different stages of evolution. No university teaches this but high schools do. DNA is a language. Random letters pulled out of bag don't create words. You have to know the language first. We share DNA with a banana. Miller Urey experiment. Gases chosen purposely to get the results they wanted. Asymmetric molecules created. Not all left-handed. In the past 15 years the universe's has gotten over 1 billion years older. Science books are set up to guide students to the answer they want instead of showing students how to test hypotheses and do science. Uranium Decay assumptions. Half-lives vary and have changed considerably in the past. Assumption that there was no lead in the original sample. There has been no contamination. The church has given up on the Bible's geology, biology, astronomy and anthropology. When teaching science first teach the heart concept and then the seed concept. Teach why God has done it this way. Second teach them means. The actual science about how it works. The third section is the Fulfillment. Has the child understood and understand the implications.

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Origins - 1606 Truth Lies and Science Education - Part 2.mp4

Origins - 1605 Truth Lies and Science Education - Part 1

Paul Taylor - Scientific work can be affected by the context in which it was done. There's a spiritual side to science. Making small children repeat something over and over causes belief in something that is not true. Indoctrination. A hidden curriculum teaching morality. What the teacher believes will come out in class. They will influence the children. It is the role of the parents to be the teacher. In the book of Joshua the parents lost the children in one generation. Definition of science. Involves testing, revision, and discarding old theories in light of new evidence. Students are being taught there is observational evidence of evolution and evidence from the fossil record. Similar structures are the results of a common ancestor. Horse evolution diagrams are misleading. The fossils are not from horses. They are not found in that order. Kids should be learning critical thinking. Debriefing around the dinner table. Don't attack the school. Use its teachings to a godly means.

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Origins - 1604 Deconstructing Dawkins

Paul Taylor - Background in biology. Employed by Oxford. The Bible has been criticized for a long time the United Kingdom. James Hutton. He was the first to say that the rocks were millions of years old. Charles Lyell then wrote several books on geology. Principles of Geology book was read by Charles Darwin. He wanted to get rid of the timeline of Moses by rewriting history. Richard Owen made the first museum, and all museums are designed like it. Large dinosaur as you walk-in, stairway at the far end of the large gallery. Richard Owens statue looked over at the gallery facing the statement: “To the Glory of God”. His statues now been removed and replaced with Charles Darwin. There are two things Dawkins is deluded about. He uses scripture in his book. Use his logic in his book. He claims Jesus never claimed to be God. Dawkins claims there's no evidence Jesus was born of a virgin. Claims Jesus was not a descendant of David. Quote “Those who put their trust in the Bible have either not read it or do not understand it”. Focuses on sinful acts in the book of Judges, but God never condoned those actions. Dawkins does not understand the scripture that he criticizes. Said Jesus probably existed, but Jesus is the most attested character in all of history. Claims reputable biblical scholars discredit the New Testament and Old Testament. Fallacy. Reputable scholar is one who agrees with me. Creative intelligence evolved late in the universe; therefore, creative intelligence could not have created the universe. Circular reasoning. That is his only proof that God did not create the universe. Ad hominem attacks. Straw man fallacies. Mocks those who believe in the “god of the gaps”, but he believes in evolution of the gaps. Bait and switch. Antibiotic resistance evolution. Dawkins is arrogant and wants you to believe him without any science or logic.

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Origins - 1604 Deconstructing Dawkins.mp4

Origins - 1603 The Language of Evolution

Paul Taylor - The evidence for evolution in museums is not inside of the glass case, it is in the words on front of the case. Pictures of dinosaurs and books of dinosaurs send a message. The word “dinosaur” is not in the Bible because it was not yet invented. Sir Richard Owen invented the concept of museums. The museum he built has written over the door “To the Glory of God”. He was a Christian and wanted to show God's creation. Sir Richard Owens statue has been moved and replaced with Charles Darwin. Evolution uses fuzzy words like probably, possibly, guess, may have, might have, could have. They asked a question without providing an answer. The question puts an idea in your head. The use of imagination in evolutionary displays. Whale evolution. Time scales don't line up, but they fudge the numbers. Horse Evolution. They are arranged in an order by imagination, not by the age of the fossil. Magic words make the impossible possible over millions of years. Dinosaurs in the Bible. Behemoth. A part of growing up and maturing is learning how to understand language.

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Origins - 1602 The Sun

Dr. Jason Lisle, Ph.D. - Five purposes for the lights. They separate the day from the night. They determine time. They give light upon the Earth. They govern the day and the nights (rule over). And they show God's glory. The sun makes up almost all of the mass of the solar system. The blue sequence to red sequence of stars has nothing to do with Evolution. It has to do with the mass. The sun is the right type of star for life. Right size. Right temperature. Right luminosity. Right position in our galaxy for us to be able to do science. Photosphere, core, radiation zone, convection zone, chromosphere which is only visible during an eclipse, corona. Cells in the sun. Giants cells discovered by creation scientist. Sunspots caused by magnetic field. Photo spectroscopy looking at the spectral lines coming from the sun determines what elements are burning. Element discovered on the sun before they were discovered on Earth - Helios. We call it helium. Super granules. The sun cannot form by itself. Gas does not collapse in on itself. It tends to expand. Angular momentum of the gas when it does start to collapse would cause the gas to spread apart. Gases have magnetic fields that push against each other and prevent collapse. The sun destroys comments. The sun pushes dust out of the solar system. All indicating that the sun is young. Faint young sun paradox. When life supposedly evolved on Earth the sun was only 30% as bright as it is today. This would cause the Earth to be frozen. The seasons will continue cold and heat summer and winter until Judgment Day.

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Origins - 1602 The Sun.mp4

Origins - 1601 Distant Starlight in a Young Universe

Dr. Jason Lisle, Ph.D. - A light year is not a measurement of time, it is a measurement of distance. There are assumptions. Some suggestions that are probably not true: The galaxies are not that far away. They are closer than we think. The speed of light was greater in the past. The properties of matter are tied together with the speed of light. God made the light already in transit. Most of the light that God created is then fiction. Time dilation has allowed University age millions of years while only 6000 years have passed on Earth. The solution that I think is correct is the one directional light travel. The speed of light is instantaneous in one direction and one half the speed of light the other direction. It is very hard to synchronize clocks that are separated by a distance. Synchronizing the clocks and then moving them can't work because motion affects the speed of time. The bottom line, it is impossible to synchronize two clocks without knowing the one way speed of light. But you must know the one way speed of light synchronized two clocks. The one way speed of light is a convention that we all agreed to and it works. The speed of light light is something we get to choose within certain constraints. Einstein realized the speed of light was not a property in nature but it is something we get to choose. Anisotropic synchrony convention. The speed of light is instantaneous in one direction and slower in the other direction. The Bible also uses the and the anisotropic synchrony convention. God on day 4 said “Let there be lights in the expanse of the heavens to separate the day from the night...” And it was so. The stars were created and the light arrived on the same day. It is a irrefutable answer to the distant starlight dilemma.

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Origins - 1512 The Secret Code of Creation

Dr. Jason Lisle, Ph.D. - A set is a collection of elements with a common property defined. The Mandelbrot set (f_{c}(z)=z^{2}+c). Imaginary numbers are the square root of a negative number. Shapes developed as computers plot the numbers that are apart of the Mandelbrot set. A shape that repeats itself on smaller and smaller scales is called the fractal. Z squared plus c. Human beings do not create these shapes, they were discovered. Numbers are a reflection about the way God thinks about quantity. Looking at fractals is like a window into how got things. Fractals are not made by people. They are not made by computers. They are built into math. The formula did not create it. You can change the formula and windup with different fractals. Definition of number: Numbers are a concept of quantity. They are abstract they exist in the mind. Writing them down is a representation of the number. Did the laws of math evolve? Numbers do not evolve 2 + 2 has always been 4. The laws of math are conceptual immaterial, apply everywhere, are invariant, and without exception. God's thoughts are conceptual, God is omnipresent, God does not change with time. The characteristics of God make sense of what we find in numbers. People are taught how to do math, but they are not taught what math is. There is no secular explanation for math. There is evolutionary biology, evolutionary geology, but only creationist math. Evolutionists have no answer. Math is a bullet proof proof of God.

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Origins - 1511 Big Problems with the Big Bang

Dr. Jason Lisle, Ph.D. - Eight steps to the Big Bang. Starts as a singularity. All energy matter space and time is condensed into a single point. Step 2 is that point begins to expand. As the volume increases the temperature cools and energy becomes matter. Hydrogen and helium would be the primary elements created. Some matter remains in nebulas but other matter condenses into stars and galaxies. Stars then make the heavier elements by nuclear fusion in the core. The stars explode and send the dust into space. The dust condenses and forms planets. On one planet chemicals condensed and formed life. That life somehow evolved and turned into human beings. The Big Bang is not just the first point in the story, it is the entire story from creation to humans. The only one of those steps that is repeatable science is step 3 where energy can become matter. The other seven points are just speculation. The Big Bang is not the way God created the universe. The cause of creation is different. God created the universe, it was not quantum fluctuation or singularity from nothing. The time scale is very different. The Big Bang needs billions of years, while the Bible teaches God created in 6 days only a few thousand years ago. The order is different. Big bang you have stars, then sun, then Earth, then life. In the Bible the Earth starts off as water, then make God makes life and plans, then the stars are created, then flying creature, then land animals. The Big Bang predicts a different future than the Bible does. The Big Bang teaches there will be a heat death when the universe loses all of its heat. The Bible teaches the universe will be destroyed with heat and God will create a new universe. Some Christians are inconsistent and want to believe in a big bang beginning but hold to the Bible ending. Some Christians don't want to believe in the miracle of creation, but the miracle of the virgin birth and resurrection are essential for Christianity. Are we going to take God's word or man's word? God who was there, or man who was not? God who is perfect, or man who makes mistakes? The Big Bang is a model of how the universe is created. A good model; however, is relatively simple, and makes successful specific predictions. The Big Bang is not simple. The Big Bang it does not make accurate predictions. The cosmic microwave background should have large fluctuations but it is very smooth. The flatness problem: The universe is expanding at the exact same rate as gravity is pulling. Very unlikely. The Horizon problem: Even in 13.8 billion years there's not enough time for light to get from A to B in order to make space all the same temperature as we observe. Monopoles should exist in the Big Bang model, but we have never found any. Inflation was invented to fix some of the problems with the big bang. The universe started as a slow expansion, then a fast expansion, then slowed back down again. There is no compelling evidence for inflation. There's no way to stop inflation. It's called the graceful exit problem. The Singularity problem: How can all matter in space and the universe be condensed to one point? Known physics can not work in a singularity. The Big Bang is taken on blind faith. Our faith is rational and confirmed by the evidence. The one thing the Big Bang doesn't answer is how the universe began. The baryon matter problem: Where is the antimatter? Scientific observations have shown that every time we turn energy into matter we get in exactly equal amount of matter and antimatter. Where is the antimatter? Scientists think that the farther away a galaxy is, the closer to the Big Bang it should appear, but all far away galaxies are fully formed even with spirals. Population 3 stars are made of hydrogen and helium and should have been produced first by the Big Bang, but we don't see any population three stars. Spiral galaxies, the interior has a higher angular velocity and they wrap themselves up. It would take less than 1 billion years and all spiral galaxies would be gone. The entire universe is thousands of years old not billions of years old. Don't be intimidated by supposed science like the Bg Bang. Red shift indicates that the universe is expanding. The Bible in Isaiah even talks about that. It does not indicate that the universe is old.

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Origins - 1511 Big Problems with the Big Bang.mp4

Origins - 1510 Twelve Years in Athens

Dr. Marcus Ross Ph.D. - Liberty University is the largest collection of Ph.D. creationists in the world. Paleontologist professor at Liberty University went to secular school as a bible-believing creationist. Paul did not seem very successful at Athens. It was a place where people like to talk more than they like to do. That is similar to a college campus. You need to stay connected to the church and family. The church provides experience that your peers cannot. Paul observed the culture and tailored the message but did not compromise. Listen first, talk second. Be honest all the way through. Work hard and do good work. Pick one or two areas where you can Excel because you cannot Master everything. Went to some academic level creationist meetings. That opened up doors to Liberty University. Front page article on New York Times of a secular University graduating a creationist. God honors faithfulness.

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Origins - 1509 Noah’s Flood: Creation Undone

Dr. Marcus Ross Ph.D. - It is not a silly child ark. It was not 40 days and 40 nights. The purpose of the flood was to reduce the world to ruin. The Hebrew word that is used to describe the flood is only used to describe the flood in the days of Noah. Not flood, the flood. Cataclysmic. 30 occurrences of all. 32 occurrences of every. The words could not be more clear to describe a worldwide flood. Creation, flood, and second coming are all tied together. Similarities between creation and flood: The Earth was without form and void. Covered with water and uninhabitable. Adam compared it to Noah. Adam ground was cursed, Noah ground would not be cursed. Both told to be fruitful and multiply. Adam dominion over the animals, Noah fear and dread upon the animals. Eat every green plant, eat every form of meat. Both say, God created man in His image. Curse on Cain, curse on Canaan. Both fall into sin by fruit. Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic. When fossils found in the 1700’s theories came up in the church to explain them: Gap, Day Age. A flood in an old Earth would not wipe out people that had already migrated to Americas, Australia, Africa. A worldwide flood cannot be found in the layers right below our feet. Only a young Earth view can account for a worldwide flood.

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Origins - 1508 Dinosaur Tyrants and Terrors

Dr. Marcus Ross Ph.D. - Unlike crocodiles dinosaurs stand with their legs straight down. Bone characteristics of dinosaurs. The ankle bone has a part that comes up. Dinosaurs are land-dwelling air breathing creatures. Found in the Mesozoic rocks. Sorted based on hip structure. Ornithischians: stegosaurus, duck-billed dinosaur. Saurischian dinosaurs: long-necked, meat eating. Carnotaurus is like a T-Rex but with smaller arms and four fingers. Baryonyx gets its name from a giant claw on its thumb. Ebenezer is the Allosaurus on display at the Creation Museum. Diapsids skeleton holes are for muscle attachemnt. Other holes in the skull for eyes and nasal passage. The holes in a T-Rex are in the same place but different shape as the Allosaur. The openings are not quite as big on a T-Rex. T-Rex was the largest carnivore in North America. Each continent at their own largest dinosaur. Raptors found in packs. Raptors are like evil chickens. Microraptor's have hundreds of fossils found with feathers. Bumps on the Raptor bones might indicate muscle mounting points for larger feathers.

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Origins - 1507 Dinosaurs Demystified

Dr. Marcus Ross Ph.D. - Dinosaurs are land-dwelling creatures. Diapsids with two holes in the skull. Classification: reptiles, diapsids, dinosaurs. Dinosaur bones have the features: Wing on the humerus (arm bone) towards the chest. Crest on the hip bone. Opening in the hip socket. Dinosaurs are found on every continent including Antarctica. Mesozoic rocks contain dinosaurs. Mesozoic and Paleozoic are flood deposited Rock layers. First fossil of an Iguanodon drawn wrong due to lack of bones. When more fossils found they were more accurate until the nineteen-sixties. Now we know they did not drag their tails. Owen first subdivided the dinosaurs based on hip structure from only three specimens. Ornithischians bird hipped. Saurischian lizard hipped. Pachycephalosaurus. Duck-billed dinosaur. Parasaurolophus. Sauropods are the largest land animals that ever lived on land. Seismosaurus. Bipedal dinosaurs theropods. Barry Onyx. Allosaurus. Most of the dinosaurs were large. Median size 1,400 pounds. Not many medium-sized dinosaurs. Mostly small or mostly large. Based on the holes in the bone for blood vessels dinosaurs appear more like mammals and birds then like reptiles. They appear to be warm blooded. A lot more plant eating dinosaur fossils than meat eating at fossils. You need a lot more herbivores to support the carnivores. Posterior is upright so it makes more sense to be warm blooded. Gigantothermia, when you are huge it helps to be warm blooded. Dinosaurs appear to have laid eggs in communal situations like birds on the shore. Microraptor's had flight feathers just like birds today.

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Origins - 1506 How to College Proof Your Faith

Jay Seegert - Creation Research Center – Remember general principles. College professors ostracize Christians openly. Be transformed by the renewal of your mind. The Word of God is active, sharper than a two edged sword. Stay out of the weeds like talking about bacteria evolving. Focus on bigger issues such as something from nothing. Life from non-life. Increasing complexity by mutations. Listen to what skeptics are saying before answering. What would you accept as evidence for creation? How did you determine that science determines truth? Circular reasoning. Don't call out of Professor in front of the class. Go to him privately. If they don't see Christ in us it won't be effective. We are not there too give them a jab. Get plug into a Christian group for prayer support and fellowship. Bacteria has 140,000 letters in the genome. A human has 3 billion letters. Where did that information come from?. Have reasons why you believe God wrote the Bible. Internal consistency. Historical accuracy. Prophetic accuracy. Scientific accuracy. Moses grew up in Egypt but we don't see a Egyptian wisdom in the Bible. Wash after touching a dead body. Ashes of a heifer and Cedar make lye like a soap. A caustic soda. Hyssop plant turns into isopropyl alcohol. Washing 3rd and 7th Day good idea. God is smarter than your professor. If God took the children of Israel through the wilderness he can take you through college.

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Origins - 1505 Faith is Not a 4-Letter Word

Jay Seegert - Creation Research Center – Come let us reason together. God exists. The Bible is his word. You cannot prove an ultimate authority. The Bible is the ultimate authority. Science is the thoughts and opinions of other people. Scientists use their reasoning trust their reasoning. Circular argument. The Bible is our starting point. We use our worldview to interpret the evidence. Science cannot prove the Bible. The Bible gives us a framework for science. The laws of logic exist, they are immaterial, universal, and unchanging. There is nothing in an atheist worldview that can explain the logic. The laws of logic were created by someone who is in material, universal, and unchanging. You could fit 2 million 2 terabyte hard drives worth of information on a pinhead of DNA. Nothing in science can account for immaterial information. Presuppositional apologetics. Throwing evidence at someone won't work because they interpret evidence according to their presuppositions.

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Origins - 1504 Evolution: Probable or Problematic

Jay Seegert - Creation Research Center – Evolution seems probable if you listen to the stories. Apologetics + Genetics = ApoloGenetics. Evolution looks good from a distance, but under the hood the engine is missing. Lungfish to newt looks plausible, but in the DNA it is impossible. Richard Dawkins said that any sane and educated person has to believe in evolution. How to change a single cell to a human? Built-in variations and Random Mutations cause changes. Variety of dogs from built-in variations. Mutations are supposed to produce good and bad variations and natural selection selects the good. Seems logical. Example of mutations to a textbook page: Duplication, Deletion, Substitution, are all bad. WAS IT A RAT I SAW = Palendrome. DNA can be read forward and backwards. DESSERTS → STRESSED. Different word backwards and forwards. One deletion destroys both words. DNA has entire chapters of information that can be read forwards and backwards. Computers cannot be programmed to write information this way, but DNA does. I LIKE CHOCOLATER THAT EVENING. Two phrases that overlap. One mutation messes up two sentences. DNA has entire chapters of overlapping information. I LIKE HER HAT. DNA takes parts of the whole to splice new information. DNA has embedded information (every Nth letter). DNA contains encrypted messages using letter substitutions. What is required to create a message: Language system using symbols, Create and define words, Write meaningful sentences and paragraphs, Establish an encryption system with key, Develop ability to read and carry out the instructions. 3D Information – Folding the same information in different ways creates different functions. Evolutionists have a strong faith that they will find a natural explanation to this supernatural evidence.

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Origins - 1503 The Outer Planets

Dr. Jason Lisle - Jupiter is the largest. 5 times farther from the sun than Earth. Ball of gas. Gravity holds it together. We can calculate the density by the volume and speed of the moons. Math is the language of God. It is the reason we can do astronomy. You need math to do science. Stripes are belts (dark) and zones (light). Zones are higher up. Clouds on Earth are broken up by land, but on Jupiter they orbit the planet. Rotates in 10 hours. The great red spot (cyclone storm with no land mass to stop it). At least 300 years old. Moon Io same size as Earth's moon. Craters are active volcanoes. All moons are solid. Same side faces Jupiter just like our moon. Europa is ice and is slightly smaller than Io. Ganymede is the largest moon in solar system (bigger than Mercury). Callisto is the outer of the 4 large moons. Jupiter has over 60 moons. Inner moons on the same plane, outer moons are not (going in multiple directions and backwards). Saturn second largest. Similar to Jupiter. Rings made of particles of ice and rock. Titan second largest moon in solar system. Has a thick atmosphere. Possible liquid lakes. Uranus is on it's side so it rolls around the sun. Strong magnetic field that is not aligned with the poles. Can only be explained by the biblical time frame. Blue is from the methane gas. Humphreys predicted the magnetic field before we measured it based on biblical creation. Moons similar orbits to Jupiter. Neptune has dark spot that comes and goes. Moon Triton orbits backwards. Observations do not match evolutionary model. God is a God or order and diversity.

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Origins - 1502 The Terrestrial Planets

Dr. Jason Lisle - The four inner planets are considered terrestrial planets (Earth-like). Mercury has no substantial atmosphere. Lots of craters. 3 times closer to the sun and 1/3 the size. 800 deg F during the day, -200 deg F at night. Very slow rotation. You can run as fast as the planet spins. Slight magnetic field which is only compatible with the biblical time frame. Venus is about same size as Earth and has solid surface. Morning star in scripture. Yellow is thick clouds are sulfuric acid. 900 deg F temperature from greenhouse effect. Atmosphere is so thick it bends light (would look like you are in a bowl). Rotation is opposite of the other planets which is only possible if God created it. Can't be from an impact. Designed to be a beautiful object. Earth is designed for life (liquid water). Only planet with plate tectonics (used for the flood). Water molecule is common in space. Moon stirs the tides. Mars is most Earth-like planet. About half the size and colder (may get above freezing). Mars has seasons due to tilt. Year is twice as long. 24.5 hour long day. Large volcanoes (one 3 times taller than Mt. Everest). It may still have volcanic activity. Canyon as big as the United States. Carbon dioxide atmosphere. Evidence of liquid water on the surface at one point in the past. Ice caps of CO2 (dry ice). Sometimes you could have a blue sky. Two moons. Deimos & Phobos. Not a sphere. Could throw a rock into orbit. Evolution cannot explain the similarities and differences of the planets.

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Origins - 1501 Overview of the Solar System

Dr. Jason Lisle - The heavens declare the glory of God. Stars rise in the east and set in the west. Moon size of United States. 240,000 miles away. Waxing = getting bigger. Waning = getting smaller. First quarter best to view craters. Word month comes from moon. Moon rotates with the same face pointing at the earth. Dark features called maria, Latin for seas. Basalt rock caused from massive volcanic activity. Some creation astronomers believe the moon was hit during the flood year and caused the maria. Johannes Kepler (a biblical creationist) discovered the orbits are not circles. Isaac Newton (a biblical creationist) discovered why the orbits are not circles. Kepler also discovered the relationship of distance and period is the period squared = distance cubed. Asteroids are minor planets (a planet, but smaller). Before Neptune and Pluto were discovered some asteroids were considered planets. After finding more objects (even larger than Pluto) the decision was made to remove Pluto from being a planet. Solar system has incredible evidence of design. Mathematic laws that humans can discover (the language of God). Creation scientists responsible for most of these discoveries. The universe is designed to do what it does, and it does it well.

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Origins - 1407 The Extinction of Evolution

Darek Isaacs - Written for theistic evolutionists. They want to be accepted by the world and be saved, but you can't have it both ways. Darwin thought man in South America was a lower state (less evolved). They were abject and miserable creatures. Their skill is compared to animals. Acted like orangutans at the zoo. There are different species of man. Let the strongest live, and the weakest die. Man is always more intelligent than women. Man is superior to woman. Rich people evolve to become better looking. Genetics has shown Darwin is wrong. Ernst Haeckel said some tribes live in herds like apes. Australian Aborigine Ota Benga was placed on exhibit in the monkey house in the Bronx Zoo. Eugenics led by Frances Galton and Major Darwin (cousin of Charles). Led to the founding of Planned Parenthood by Margaret Sanger. She wanted to eliminate the inferior races. Killing people in institutions because of evolution. Hitler was sterilizing over 5,000 per month. Hitler believed the strong should eliminate the weak. Teaching evolution is required in public schools. Teachers get fired for talking about creation. Evolution tells us there are no gods, no purposes, no goals, no life after death. No ethics, no free will, no meaning to life. Jeffrey Dahmer believed evolution, there are no morals because we were just evolved from slime. People that claim to not believe in God spend a lot of time talking about Him.

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Origins - 1406 Dragons or Dinosaurs - Part 2

Darek Isaacs - T-rex soft tissue still inside of the bone. Bible talks about entire universe created in 6 days. Dinosaurs were on the ark. Only about 50 dinosaur kinds. Dinosaur eggs. All dinosaurs start small. Tracks are small and large. In 1841 the word Dinosauria was created by Sir Richard Owen. Behemoth, made with man, eats grass, powerful back/belly, bones like iron, biggest of the ways of God, tail like a cedar. Not a hippopotamus. Dragons. Bibles have now started replacing the word dragon with other words like serpent (ESV). Old Bibles say dragon. Where is the evidence of dinosaur evolution? Ghost lineage: Unknown creatures have been inserted to fill in the missing links. There are no dinosaur ancestors. Creative paleontologists have imagined or dreamed about discoveries, not discovered them scientifically. Dragon is used to describe Satan because they are a fierce and feared predator that actually existed. If dragons were mythical then you could conclude that Satan was also mythical.

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Origins - 1405 Dragons or Dinosaurs - Part 1

Darek Isaacs - Evolutionist use dinosaurs more than anything else to deceive people about evolution. Stories from cultures all around the world of scary reptiles. Dragons and dinosaurs have a lot of similarities. Big John excavation. Dinosaurs in museum usually plaster cast. Fossils show the shape. Fossilized skin shows exterior. When did they live? Authority the Word of God, or word of man? The co-occurrence of men and dinosaurs would vanquish evolution. Occidental (European) Dragons are very similar to Oriental Dragons. Scales, wings, huge legs, long claws, dorsal ridge, barbed tail, crest of horns on head. Dracorex, dragon features. Dragons were a common feature of legends and folklore from ancient times in virtually every culture of the world. Carl Sagan believed dragons are dinosaurs in the dreams of humans written in the DNA from 100 million years ago. We are replaying the warfare between reptiles and the mammals. Navajo historian said there are dinosaur stories. Bishop Bell's tomb, 15th century sauropod dinosaur. Petroglyph in Natural Bridges National Monument that bears a startling resemblance to a dinosaur. Herodotus, Flavius Josephus, Pliny the Elder, all describe dragons & giant reptiles. Ethiopia produces dragons, not so large as those of India, but still twenty cubits in length. Dragon feeding on elephants in North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Common food source. Soft, elastic tissue from T-rex. Blood cells. Fibrous tissues. The only worldview that claims dinosaurs and humans co-existed is the Biblical worldview. Theology, oral history, mythology, paleontology, archeology, and written history confirm dinosaurs lived with man.

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Origins - 1404 Ape-Men, Adam, and the Gospel

Dr. Terry Mortenson - What does the Bible say? Man was created supernaturally and is unique from other all creatures. Christian scholars can be wrong. Man and woman are created in God's image. Different from animals. Bible: man + divine breath = living being. Theistic Evolution: living being + divine breath = man (opposite from Bible). Man special created from dust. Adam was alone (no other humans). Eve created from living being (man). Eve mother of all people. 1 Chronicles 1 & Luke 3 Adam first man. Jesus said in the beginning God made them male and female. Cain (the second generation) built a city (not a cave man). Bible: gardener comes first, then tent dwelling forgers. Darwin: “The civilized races of man will almost certainly exterminate and replace the savage races...” Darwin said the “negro” is close to the gorilla. In evolution of man drawings the most human is the most Caucasian color. Multiple families have had twins born with different skin color. People on display at the zoo. People are not animals. If Adam is our ancestor then God makes the rules. If an ape is our ancestor then we make the rules. No Adam and Eve means no need for a savior.

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Origins - 1403 Ape-Men: The Grand Illusion

Dr. Terry Mortenson - Two different ways of interpreting the same fossils. Lucy Australopithecine displays show human hands, feet, upright posture. Reality it was a knuckle-walker. Dr. Owen Lovejoy using grinder to shape Lucy's hips to have human posture. Neanderthal displays used to be ape like, but now normal human. Lots of imagination. Cave men in the Bible (Hebrews 11:38, Lot, Elijah, David). Neanderthals made sophisticated spears, needles, & stone tools. Used make-up and seashell jewelry. Hunted dolphins and seals. Had controlled use of fire and cooked food. Built huts of animal skins. Made flutes out of bear femurs. Cared for sick & ceremonially buried dead. Made and sailed ships and boats. Possessed the hyoid bone (voice-box). Piltdown Man 1912. Piece of jaw, two molar teeth, piece of skull. No possible doubt that he was a link with apes. In 1953 the bones were examined and determined to be an hoax. Nebraska Man 1922. A single tooth. In 1927 it was determined to be an extinct pig. Artistic license to draw based on a few bones. 2006 fossil Lucy's Baby a New Human Fossil had features like gorilla, African ape, & chimpanzee yet it is drawn with human length arms.

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Origins - 1402 Evolution Science or Religion

Dr. Terry Mortenson - Define science. Operation Science vs Origin Science. Operation Science uses the scientific method. Experimental Science. Origin Science uses the legal-historical method. Eyewitness testimony and evidence used to determine unobservable, unrepeatable events. Historical Science. Geology, paleontology, archeology, cosmogony, criminal investigation. Assumptions affect our scientific study: questions we ask, what we see, what data we collect, what is important, our conclusions. Most evolutionists don't admit their assumptions. Secular starting points: Nature is all that exists; everything must be explained by time, chance, and nature. Naturalism. Religion of atheism. Evolution tree of life (microbe to microbiologist). Biblical starting points: The eternal, good, all-knowing, all-powerful, holy God exists and He created everything else; The Bible is eye-witness testimony. After their kind. Probably at the “family” level. Sometimes at the “order” level. Creation forest of life. False assumption in geology: The absence of a fossil is evidence of the non-existence of that creature. Coelacanth. Wollemi Pine. Horseshoe crab found much earlier.

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Origins - 1401 Age of the Earth: Why It Matters

Dr. Terry Mortenson - Not about what God COULD do, but what He DID do. Doctrine foundation in Genesis. Church fitting millions of years into Bible before Adam. Day Age and Progressive Creation: Days long periods of time. Gap Theories: Gap somewhere in Genesis 1 (or before 1:1). Outside Genesis 1 the word “day” with “a number” is used 410 times and it always means an ordinary day. The words “evening” and “morning” used 38 times always means an ordinary day. The words “evening” and “morning” with “day” used 23 times always means an ordinary day. The word “night” with “day” used 52 times always means an ordinary day. In Genesis 1 all these are used. Exodus 20:11 - For in “six days”... He made all things. Genealogy used to calculate the years since creation. Jesus believed Adam and Eve were in “the beginning.” Order of events in Bible different than in evolution. Evolution: stars, then Earth, sea creatures, land plants, dinosaurs, birds. Bible: Earth, then plants, stars, sea creatures and birds, land animals and dinosaurs. All was “very good” so there could not have been death before sin. In evolution, death and suffering created man. In the Bible, man caused death and suffering. Fall caused: Serpent judged physically, animals cursed, Eve judged physically with increased pain in child-birth, Adam and Eve judged physically with the death process beginning, ground outside Garden cursed, first animal killed for sacrifice. Thorns after sin. We find fossil thorns, cancer, brain tumors, arthritis. Purpose of flood to destroy not just man, but also animals. Fountains of the great deep was catastrophic event. Water covered all the mountains. Flood long (Noah in ark 371 days). Purpose of ark was to preserve life to repopulate the world. Ark much bigger than needed if just local flood. Boat lifted to top of mountains. Rainbow promise: if the flood was local then God lied. Not a salvation issue, but it is a gospel issue. New heaven and earth full of death and suffering? If millions of years are true then we have no foundation for morality.

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Origins - 1309 Global Warming Man Caused?

Michael J. Oard, M.S. - Why should we care? We should care about God's world. We are stewards and have dominion. Interpretations vs facts. There is no consensus that man is causing global warming. Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases have been increasing since 1980. Increased carbon dioxide should warm the atmosphere by the absorption of infrared radiation. Global warming is real. The question really is how much, and is man responsible? Glaciers have been receding since about 1880. Sea ice decreasing. Global warming mostly at night, in winter, in the northern hemisphere. Antarctic sea ice has set records. There are natural cycles of climate change (volcanism, El Nino, oceanic changes (short term), and the sun (long term)). Temperature and sunspot cycle are correlated. Carbon dioxide does not correlate with temperature. Sun is causing more than 50% of the global warming. Good effects of global warming: More people die because of cold than heat. CO2 enhances plant growth. Arctic shipping. More agriculture farther north, like in Canada. Cost to fight global warming is huge. Flawed computer models. Clouds create the largest variability in climate calculations. Claims of increasing storms are equivocal. Landfall hurricanes have declined. No increase in drought. Peak stream flows have not increased. No change in tornadoes or thunderstorms. No increase in East Coast winter storms. No increased trends in heat waves or cold spells.

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Origins - 1308 What about Woolly Mammoths?

Michael J. Oard, M.S. - Used to be millions of them, now they are extinct. Bones and tusks found in permafrost. Generally well preserved, therefore buried rapidly. Frozen carcasses. Stomach contents only half digested. Wide diversity of animals in Siberia. Burrowing mammals and beavers. Most animals were grass grazers. Well dressed. Most large animals went extinct after ice age. Some large animals live far south. Environment: Grassland, fertile soil, light competition, long growing season, light snow, melt early, mild winter, summer bogs rare, little or no permafrost. Mammoth cave paintings. Mammoths found on edge of ice sheets. Very few quick freeze carcases. Partially decayed. Fly pupae. Different seasons of death. Stomach contents in US mastodons. With no sea ice Siberia would be much warmer during ice age. Animals could walk from ark to land bridge to America. If population doubled every 10.24 years = 1.3 billion mammoths in 300 years. Loess storms (dust storms). Colder winters. Colder ocean. More sea ice. Drier atmosphere. Strong winds caused by temperature difference. Could get stuck in standing position and suffocate. Broken bones before and after death.

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Origins - 1307 Post Flood Ice Age

Michael J. Oard, M.S. - Ice ages supposedly take thousands of years. There have supposedly been about 50 ice ages during the past 2.6 million years. Data vs interpretations. Striated bedrock. Terminal moraine. Lateral moraine. Still see scratches and moraines are still sharp so it was recent. Causes of an ice age: cooler summer, greater snow fall, and persist for many years. Summer average needs to be 20 degrees F. That is 50 degrees cooler than today. Pleistocene another word for ice age. Can the biblical worldview explain the ice age. Post flood transitional climate. After flood volcanic dust and aerosols reflect sunlight and cause cooler summers. Global cooling. Fountains of the great deep cause warmer oceans. 80 degrees F in Arctic Ocean. Warmer water means more evaporation. More evaporation causes more snow at high altitudes. Ocean cooling calculations. Time to reach glacial maximum: 297 to 1,765 years. Best estimate: 500 years. Average depth of ice range: 1,675 to 5,440 feet. Total time for ice age is about 700 years not 100,000 years. Rainbow promise that there will not be another ice age.

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Origins - 1306 Dinosaur Challenges Explained

Michael J. Oard, M.S. - Live dinosaurs during the flood making tracks. How did dinosaurs walk during the flood. On top of coal layers. Billions of tracks. Millions of dinosaur eggs. Seem like normal dinosaur activity like teeth and bite marks. Fossils formed in early part of flood, not in natural environment. Animals don't die in graveyards yet we find thousands of dinosaurs in graveyards. Bones jumbled together with little wear. Many beds with one type of dinosaur. Bones of babies and juveniles are rare. Same theme worldwide. Tracks of poor swimmers are rare. Tracks mostly adult. Tracks mostly straight as if they were spooked. Tracks on single flat bedding plane (do not climb hills of sedimentary layers). Lots of dinosaur eggs but very few nests (about 6). Little or no vegetation to prevent porous eggs from drying out. BEDS Hypothesis. Briefly Exposed Diluvial Sediments. Flood level oscillations during the flood. Same area covered and exposed repeatedly. Tectonic uplift or subsidence. Tsunamis. Lunar tides. Crustal shifts far away. Flood current dynamics. After day 40 but before day 120. Evidence of a global flood and supports God's word.

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Origins - 1305 Shaping Earth's Surface - Part 2

Michael J. Oard, M.S. - Flooding stage and Retreating stage. 1) 40 days of rain. 2) Day 41-150 slow rise to peak. Lot of cyclical sediments. 3) Peak. 4) Waters run off. Erosion. Wide currents causing planation surfaces. 5) Water channelized. Water and wind gaps. River running through water gap instead of going around the mountain range. Certain streams appear to seek obstacles to transect. Wind gap eroded where there is no river flow. Cannot be explained by gradual processes. Not forming today. Caused by flood phase 5 when water flowed around barriers. Pediments formed by water. Large flat surfaces instead of channelization or canyons. Formed by flood runoff. Stones on top surface have been transported long distances. Submarine canyon. Average length 50 miles. Average depth 3,000 feet. Sometimes cut in granite. Sheet flow (wide water current) depositing sediment. Then erodes the continental shelf it formed. Jesus believed in the global flood.

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Origins - 1304 Shaping Earth's Surface - Part 1

Michael J. Oard, M.S. - Evidence for the flood. Uniformitarian theology. 5 phases of the flood. Erosion by topography. Not enough erosion since flood. Mountains arose, valleys sank down. Mountains came up at end of flood. Flat top under water volcano (guyots). Bottom of ocean sunk. Secular scientists agree. Colorado plateau sedimentary cover removed 2500m – 5000m. 21,000 ft. of erosion in Appalachians. Continental shelf is the sediment from the erosion. Rounded rocks & boulders are evidence of moving water. Percussion marks = catastrophic flow. Planation surfaces all over the world. Quartz rocks with percussion marks on top of planation surfaces. No uniformitarian explanation.

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Origins - 1303 The Miracle of Development - Part 2

Dr. Paul A. Nelson - The great Darwinian paradox. Development, common descent, natural selection. The paradox has a 3 point argument: 1. Animal body plans are built in each generation by a stepwise process, from the fertilized egg to the many cells of the adult. The earliest stages in this process determine what follows. 2. Thus, to change - that is, to evolve - any body plan, mutations expressed early in development must occur, be viable, and be stably transmitted to offspring. 3. But such early-acting mutations of global effect are those least likely to be tolerated by th embryo. All different body forms came from common ancestor, “urbilateria” (original bilateral ancestor). Macro-mutations destroy animals. Micro-mutations must have occurred over time. Research done on evolution - done within the neo-Darwinian framework over the past 30 years - has discovered that the neo-Darwinian framework is false. Experiments with fruit flies had mostly lethal results, especially if the mutation was in the original mother's cell. Caenorhabditis elegans has its development charted cell by cell. The germ cells are immediately segregated from the other cells in the body. Cells that determine your variable features (hair color, eye shape, flower color) are at the end of the developmental process and cannot account for mutations in the next generation. A common ancestor is not possible because animals resist change in the lab when exposed to every conceivable process.

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Origins - 1302 The Miracle of Development - Part 1

Dr. Paul A. Nelson - Darwinism needs variation, selection, and heredity. If you cannot leave viable offspring then you're at an evolutionary dead end. During/before development is when the change needs to occur to go to a different kind. The pathway of evolutionary transformation cannot propose “jumps” over inviable (i.e., dead) intermediate states. The butterfly has a point during metamorphosis where it is no longer alive. The caterpillar (larval) tissues are being destroyed by massive cell death, through processes of apoptosis and autophagy. These cellular materials are then remodeled into the structures (legs, gut, mouth parts, wings, genitalia, etc.) of the adult butterfly. Even more complex then a Model T Ford turning itself into a helicopter. Natural Selection has no foresight so it can not plan for a temporary lifeless stage. Suggestion that maybe a caterpillar like species cross breded with an arthropod to produce the butterfly (not mainstream). Too many genetic incompatibilities. The paradox of “teleological evolution”. When the parts always strive towards functions, without being able to process them during their formation.

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Origins - 1301 The Dictionary of Life

Dr. Paul A. Nelson - Philosopher of biology. Parts list of one of the simplest cells on earth - Mycoplasma. Cell envelope, energy metabolism, DNA translation, DNA transcription, Cellular processes, DNA replication, Transport and binding, Regulatory functions. Finding the mid-line to divide in two is the job of the cell-division protein (ftsZ). Chaperone protein (groEL). Protein that works inside the ribosome elongation factor Ts (tsf). Mycoplasma was one of the first bacteria to have all its genes mapped. Transposion was used to interrupt cell genes and discover what genes are not essential. Their analysis suggests that 382 of the 482 protein-coding genes of M. genitalium are essential under laboratory growth conditions, including 110 genes of unknown function. Caulobacter crescentus was analyzed in a similar way and discovered 1012 essential genome features. 480 ORFs, 402 regulatory sequences, and 130 non-coding elements, including 90 segments of unknown function. Caulobacter and E. coli supposedly have a common ancestor, but they have many more essential genes that are not common than essential genes that are common. This top-down analysis shows there is too much complexity so build a cell from the bottom-up (evolution). We know of no prebiological (undirected, abiotic) pathway to RNA molecules. If you find RNA anywhere it was either created by a cell, or by a biochemist. RNA does not form naturally from its parts.

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Origins - 1213 Simple Cells Complex Realities

Dr. Paul A. Nelson - Darwin and 19th century biologists thought the cell was a black box and did not know how it functioned. What does an organism need to survive? The “bottom-up” approach searches for the sufficient conditions for the living state (A+B+C(...)=life). “Top-down” approach takes away items from a living cell to find the necessary parts. For evolution to work the bottom-up chemistry must meet the top-down approach. RNA world hypothesis for the origin of life. DNA contains codes for proteins. Proteins read the code of DNA. RNA is single stranded and can fold to perform catalytic and enzymatic functions. Single RNA strand that can self replicate. All living things seem to have a minimal complexity below which it is impossible to go. Mycoplasma (pleuromona) - stripped down cells - have almost no functionality and can not get more basic. Minimal complexity: cell division, transport, metabolism, information replication, information storage and transfer, cell wall or membrane, energy conversion.

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Origins - 1212 Dr. Seuss Biology

Dr. Paul A. Nelson - If I Ran the Zoo. I could have made animals better than God. Epiglottis separates human airway from throat. Can cause choking if malfunction. Pandas thumb. Panda has 5 digits and a pseudo-thumb (radial sesamoid bone in wrist). Hairless groove to hold bamboo. Blind cave fish have a place where there used to be an eye. Vestigial structure is the loss of information (opposite of evolution). The world's worst plane. The panda is very dexterous and can pickup small objects. If it had a thumb like ours it would be in the way while eating bamboo. Having two pathways for oxygen is better. If you have a cold, running, speaking.

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Origins - 1211 Bible Earthquakes

Dr. Steve Austin - Dead Sea transform fault. Arabian plate, African plate. Along Jordan river. Earthquakes: Creation Week Day 3 (~4000 BC), The Global Flood (~2350 BC), Sodom and Gomorrah (~2050 BC), Mount Sinai – Giving the law (~1450 BC), Amos's earthquake (~750 BC), Qumran earthquake (31 BC), Crucifixion earthquake (April 3, 33 AD). Future splitting of Mt. Zion. Grand Canyon provides evidence of tectonic events associated with Creation Week and the Global Flood. Deformed wall, city of Hazor, northern Israel (~750 BC). Outer wall, Gezer, Israel (~750 BC). Earthquake damage, Village of Qumran, Northwestern shore of the Dead Sea (31 BC). Southeastern Dead Sea area Bab edh-Dra (Sodom) ancient walled city (20 ft wide). Collapsed debris south wall collapsed, not by an army. Dead Sea sediment not disturbed by animals. Liquefaction of sediment creates seismograph. Disturbance layer at 31 BC and 33 AD (5.5-6.0 magnitude). En Gedi core drilled at Dead Sea has disturbances at the same depth as Biblical earthquakes.

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Origins - 1210 Supervolcanoes

Dr. Steve Austin - Yellowstone cliff with petrified logs. Yellowstone caldera/depression is a collapsed volcano 47x28 miles. Small volcano have nozzle & cone (Mount St. Helens). Large volcano have ring fissure & caldera (Yellowstone). Gigantic volcano have linear fissure array & volcanic plateau (Colorado Plateau). Morrison Formation with dinosaur monument from large eruption 600 miles away. Sierra Madre Occidental result of a supervolcano.

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Origins - 1209 The Mystery of Coal

Dr. Steve Austin - Ph.D. work on coal. Coal in thin layers up to 10' thick. How coal formed? #1 Mummified bark sheets. Supposedly formed in marsh swamp but swamp peats today are full of roots, not bark sheets. Spirit lake north of Mt. St. Helens had floating logs that rolled around loosing the bark forming sheets of tree bark. #2 Coarse texture of plant fragments. Intact structures of wood, leaves, seeds. Not like modern swamp peat. #3 Layered structure with shale. Sequence of shale layers go many miles and act like fingerprint. This would not form in a swamp. #4 Intertongue of ocean fossils. Shale and limestone inter-layered with coal that contain marine fossils. Floating log mat can explain formation of coal.

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Origins - 1208 Where Darwin Went Wrong

Dr. Steve Austin - Darwin's journal. Darwin was a geologist by training. Drew first maps of South America and basalt cliffs. Cross section of Andes mountains. Bahia San Sebastian Boulders (Darwin's Boulders). Darwin thought they were moved by floating ice. Geologists today say they are from a lateral moraine. Darwin imagined the Santa Cruz River carved a 6 mile wide valley over a long period of time, but it was carved by rapid drainage of post flood lake. Concepcion earthquake and tsunami of 1835. Darwin thought Andes mountains formed by pull apart and fracture of contents, but they were formed by collision. He rejected catastrophism.

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Origins - 1207 Living Fossils - Part 2

Dr. Carl Werner - Dr. Francesco Redi disproved theory of spontaneous generation. Animals in the fossil record that are identical have been renamed. Evolution has been created by changing names when no physical change occurred. Mushroom coral, shark teeth, coelacanth, angle shark, Jackson shark, guitar fish, herring, eel, bowfin fish, flounder fish, sturgeon fish, paddle fish, sting ray, salmon, hagfish, all found in Cretaceous rock layers.

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Origins - 1206 Living Fossils - Part 1

Dr. Carl Werner - Problem 1: The origin of matter. Matter is not created from nothing. Problem 2: How did life come from non-living matter. Problem 3: The fossils. No fossils for most groups. 200,000 trilobites, 1,000 fossil bats, 500,000 fish, 750,000,000 invertebrates with no ancestor. Dinosaur dig sites contain fossils of modern animals from every animal phyla and they look the same. Plants from every major plant division are buried with the dinosaurs and they are the same as today. Extinction is not evolution. Ducks, flamingos, box turtle, iguana, hedgehog, opossum all found in dinosaur rock layers.

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Origins - 1205 Ultimate Proof

Dr. Jason Lisle, Ph.D. - This is proof, but people are not always persuaded. That does not mean there is a problem with the argument, but there is a problem with the people. Evidence is not proof. For every good piece of evidence an evolutionist can come up with a rescuing device. Presumptions are our most basic belief about reality. There is no neutral. Creation worldview: Bible is the ultimate standard. Evolution worldview: naturalism or strict empiricism. All knowledge comes from God. Proverbs 1:7, Colossians 2:3. Only the Bible makes sense of the things necessary for knowledge. If the Bible were not true, it would be impossible to prove anything. Laws of Logic, Uniformity of Nature, Absolute Morality. If society determines morality, how do you make the jump from what is to what should be? The critic of the Bible must use biblical presuppositions in order to argue against the Bible. That does not mean they do not use logic, they just have to borrow from Christianity to use logic. If God did not create us why would there be an absolute moral code? If “good” is just electro-chemical impulses in the brain, why should I follow them? Evolutionist getting upset about a moral atrocity is inconsistent with his worldview that we are all just chemicals falling through space.

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Origins - 1204 Blunders in Reasoning

Dr. Jason Lisle, Ph.D. - Most arguments for evolution are based on fallacies. Fallacy is a mistake in the chain of reasoning. Argument is a group of proposition. Premises and conclusions. Deductive logic: the conclusion is defiantly true. Inductive logic: the conclusion is probably true. Inductive Fallacies: Ambiguity, Presumption, Relevance. Evolution does explain why we don't have animals that are not suited for their environment, but evolution does not explain why we do have animals that are suited for their environment.

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Origins - 1203 Creation Astronomy

Dr. Jason Lisle, Ph.D. - Pictures of equipment left on the moon. The spherical earth (Isaiah 40:22, Job 26:10) known in 2,000 B.C. Earth floats in space (Job:26:7). The universe is expanding (Isaiah 40:22) known in 760-698 B.C. Conservation of mass and energy (John 1:3, Gen 2:2, Hebrews 1:3, Colossians 1:17). Countless number of stars (Genesis 22:17, Genesis 32:12). Scientists always need to catch up with the Bible. Age of the universe. Excess heat from Jupiter. Neptune radiates too much radiation. Decreasing of Earth's magnetic field consistent with only thousands of years. Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune also have decaying fields. Rotational axis of Uranus is wrong from old earth model. Comet lifespan is not more than a few thousand years. Moon recedes 1.5 inches per year. Problem if Earth is billions of years old. Spiral galaxies wind themselves up so they can not be billions of years old. Big bang has horizon problem, similar to distant star light problem. The anisotropic synchrony convention is a solution to the distant starlight problem.

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Origins - 1202 Magnetic Fields - Part 2

Dr. Russell Humphreys, Ph.D. - Mars core is different than Earth so its field should decay faster than Earth; however, it is still strong validating Mars is young. Mercury is small so the field is decreasing fast. Measurements fit creationist predicted value but have big problem if it is billions of years old. Sun drags its magnetic field. As the field is dragged it decreases but the sun still retains 80% of created magnetic field. Sunspots result of magnetic field movement. Solar bodies have to be between 6,000 – 10,000 years old. They have to start as water. If they were Si, O, Ca, or Fe: Too little magnetic field. If the sun was all H: Too much magnetic field. Other stars are up to 100 trillion times more magnetic than Earths magnetic field. Galaxies as a whole have magnetic fields. The field strength is too high to be billions of years old and there is no way to rejuvenate the field (dynamo).

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Origins - 1201 Magnetic Fields - Part 1

Dr. Russell Humphreys, Ph.D. - Bodies in space now (or used to) have magnetic fields. Raw material in the universe is water (1 Peter 3:5). God used water to create. Hydrogen nuclei have magnetic fields. If God made water nuclei point in the same direction in the beginning then a magnetic field would be produced. Time causes the field to become more random as the nuclei move. If the planets were created from water we can calculate the original magnetic field based on volume. Magnetic flux (lines of force) create electrical current. The current slows down from resistance of material in the planet core. Decrease by ½ every 2,000 years. Decay is faster on smaller planets, slower on larger planets. Prediction in 1984 for the magnetic fields of the planets have been confirmed. Uranus and Neptune have strong fields. Mars has strong crustal magnetism. Mercury has rapidly decreasing field. Dynamo evolutionary model was off by a factor of 100,000 times.

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Origins - 1116 Continental Sprint - Part 3

Dr. Steve Austin, Ph.D - Continental drift hypothesis. Continental sprint caused worldwide after effects: Tectonics, volcanism, sedimentation, erosion, and global cooling. From the flood to now geologic intensity, average temperature, temperature extremes, and precipitation have all decreased exponentially. Lots of horizontal tectonics during flood. More vertical tectonics today. Isostacy (loading, unloading, subsidence, underplating, uplift, detachment). Yellowstone super-volcano. Nile and Mississippi river deltas. Palouse river gorge eroded by breached glacier lake. Most geologists agree Colorado river did not exist for hundreds of millions of years. An ice age requires cold and heat (cold for snow, heat to evaporate water). Arctic ocean cooled from 20 degrees Centigrade to near freezing today.

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Origins - 1115 Continental Sprint - Part 2

Dr. Steve Austin, Ph.D - Pre-flood one continental mass. Computer model. Subduction, mantel wide flow, rising material causing ocean floor spread. Atlantic floor formed in one year. Continuous magnitude 8 earthquakes. Subduction on Pacific coast as Pacific plate slid under Alaska. Sideways collision at California causing San Andreas Fault. Subducting plates deposit sediment at edge of contents that tidal and tsunami waves bring on the land. Giant boulders moved and deposited. Underwater sand dunes from fast moving currents. Worldwide sandstone deposit (base of the Sauk sequence – USA, Canada, England, Nova Scotia, Scandinavia). Not petrified forest, but petrified log jam. Huge coal beds from floating log mats. Shredded dinosaur carcases from mud flow. Texas 3 foot thick layer of clams in closed position. Cooling basalt records fast magnetic reversals during CPT. Miocene basalt from Steens mountain in Oregon records rapid reversals (6 to 16 days). Same thing on mid-Atlantic ridge. Pacific “Ring of Fire” plate boundaries.

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Origins - 1114 Continental Sprint - Part 1

Dr. Steve Austin, Ph.D - Continental drift moving very slowly. CPT – Catastrophic Plate Tectonics. 70% of the planet is 2 miles below sea level, 30% is about 2,000 feet above sea level. Babylonian belief of plate tectonics. Water under the ocean floor = fountains of the great deep. Lots of volcanic activity in Pacific basin. Earth's internal structure. Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust. Continental basement rock is granite made of feldspar and quarts materials (2.7x denser than water). Ocean floor basin is basalt and has more heavy iron bearing minerals (3.2x denser than water). Oak wood vs Pine, floats higher. Continents float on basalt due to density. Solid basalt is more dense than the basalt magma it floats on but no room for it to sink. If the mantle ripped during the flood the continents would slide apart and mantle magma would displace water flooding the land.

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Origins - 1113 Eve: Real Evidence

Dr. Robert Carter, Ph.D. - What is a gene and genome. 3 billion letters, 46 molecules (chromosomes). Mitochondrial DNA only comes from the mother. Out of Africa hypothesis based on mtDNA branch. Mitochondrial Eve. Molecular clock assumptions: Generation time the same, Same number of children, same death rate, population same number in size, no defective DNA repair enzymes. Small populations pass on mutations rapidly. Supposedly 100,000 years of small populations in Africa. Genetic diversity decreases as you get away from north Africa (and Babylon). Eve to flood about 10 generations. Mitochondrial DNA M, N, and R have 1-8 differences between them (possibly two are sisters). Flood to today about 150 generations. About 22-100 mtDNA mutations between today and mtEve. Only 16,000 letters in mtDNA. Eve's mtDNA can be reconstructed. Starlike nature of haplogroup is expected from one dispersion in a very recent past with one genome. Some Africans have accumulated more mutations than other parts of the world (and Africa). Does not mean they are older, just more mutations. Africa is the only continent that spans the equator. Harsh conditions can force genetic expression to shut down not necessary genes like the DNA repair mechanism causing more mutations. Y chromosome with little geographic variation and mtDNA being widely dispersed supports the biblical account but contradicts what is expected (men typically move around and women stay at home).

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Origins - 1112 Mutation Malfunctions

Dr. Robert Carter, Ph.D. - Evolutionists claim people are getting better over time. People live longer today because of nutrition and medicine and not genetics. Mutation rate has to be low or we will go extinct. In an evolutionary timeline if 1 of 10 children have one mutation it would be detrimental. If 1 out of 2 then genetic composition would deteriorate until the population disappears. Most deaths occur from unnatural selection. There are 100-300 mutations per child. Every generation there are 6 billion mutations in the world. There are only 3 billion letters in the genome. Mutation is a spelling error. During cell division about 1 error occurs. Therefore you have about a trillion errors in your body. Women ovaries divide 22 times and then wait for ovulation. Men have 30 divisions before puberty and then more divisions until death. The older the man is the more mutations there will be in the seed. Evolutionists need 'junk DNA' to absorb the mutations to prevent getting worse every generation. We now know there is no 'junk DNA'. DNA has multiple, overlapping codes and alternative splicing. 20,000 genes can make 100,000 – 300,000 proteins. Complex code that takes different genes from different places to make a protein. Environment, diet, emotional state, interactions, spirituality, exercise, affect hormones that affect genetic expression. Kimura's Box is an excluded region that natural selection can not see because the genetic changes are not passed on. Population should be limited to about 100 generations because of accumulated very small deleterious mutations (VSDM) (Bad mutations) cause too high a genetic load. Positive mutations can not be selected. Mutational meltdown will occur.

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Origins - 1111 Adam Our Ancestor

Dr. Robert Carter, Ph.D. - All man descended from a single man 6,000 years ago. Human genome has two copies of each chromosome (one from mom and one from dad). Y chromosome is master switch that effects thousands of other genes. It is passed from father to son unchanged. Sometimes mutations occur. After many generations we now have several Y chromosome generations. There is no evidence other Y generations ever existed (Adam's & Noah's). Chimpanzee Y chromosome is only 70% similar to humans so according to evolutionists it should be evolving quickly. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has more diversity. Genghis Khan is the ancestor of 1 out of 200 people alive today. Y chromosome should be spread out because the men spread out while women stayed at home. The opposite is what we observe. Thomas Jefferson (or one of the men in his family) gave the Y chromosome to Sally Hemmings. Cohanim, descendants of Kohath, are genetic descendants of Aaron, a Levite. The Lemba are a Jewish tribe in south Africa. They have African mtDNA but the Y chromosome is from a Levite.

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Origins - 1110 Creation Genetics

Dr. Robert Carter, Ph.D. - Human genome is a set of books with 3 billion letters. 46 volumes. 20,000 protein coding genes (chapters). With the exception of red blood cells your cells have 6' of strings packed down into a microscopic nucleus. Evolutionary timeline & biblical timeline. Both contain a human population crash. Evolutionary timeline has humans living in Africa for 1 million years before the crash and only 1,000 to 10,000 humans survived. If that were true and the average lifespan was 20 years there would be evidence of 50 billion people that lived and died. Biblical account has creation, flood, and Babel. Eve was not a clone of Adam. Men have a Y chromosome women do not. Genomes are almost the same but have built in changes for genetic diversity. The lack of genetic diversity around the world confirms the biblical model of only a couple original genomes. Three brothers and their wives repopulated the planet. Mitochondrial DNA only inherited from your mother. From the male Y chromosome you can trace humans back to one man in the recent past. From the female mitochondrial DNA you can trace humans back to one woman in the recent past. We observe 1 Y chromosome, 3 or 4 mtDNAs and possibly 7 - 9 X chromosomes. If Noah had a son after the flood or Noah's wife had a daughter (or based on mutations) this is exactly what we would expect. Chimpanzee Y chromosome only 70% similar to human chromosome (May 2010). That is the same as they expected between humans and chickens. They would need very rapid evolution from chimp to man (6 million years), but no evolution within human evolution (1 million years). People all over the world have the same genetic population. The Bible records the dispersion genealogy exactly as we observe (Y chromosome is spread out in 3 areas but mtDNA is not).

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Origins - 1109 Creation Week

Dr. Don DeYoung, Ph.D. - Some say days were long periods, some say days had long gaps. Some cultures changed days of week. France in 1792 had a 10-day week, broke down after 1 year. Russia in 1929 5-day week for a short time. Day 1 - White light can be separated into the colors. Issac Newton discovered how God made much of the universe work. Michael Faraday too was searching out God's secrets. Day 2 weather systems created (water). Day 3 – Plants and trees, good for food and pleasing to the eye. Corn has fiber optics that bring light to the roots. Day 4 – Sun, moon, and stars. Sun is not important and should not be worshiped. Sun creates more energy every second than man ever has since Adam and Eve. Ten billion-trillion stars are over 99% of creation. Polaris is above the north pole. Southern cross in Australian flag. Day 5 – Birds and fish. Feathers light weight, can be taken apart and put back together better than Velcro (waterproof). Day 6 – land animals and man. Dinosaurs. We are to care for the animals but we are not animals being created in the image of God.

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Origins - 1108 Our Created Moon

Dr. Don DeYoung, Ph.D. - Moon is 4 times smaller than Earth. Primary reason for Apollo missions was to study the moon origin. Fission/daughter hypothesis until 1969. Chemically different and no water. Capture hypothesis in 1970s. Doesn't work due to sling shot (gravity assist). Nebula hypothesis in 1980s. How do you get a gas nebula to shrink to the size of a planet (not possible). Collision – large rock hit Earth and fragments formed moon and Earth. Moon's orbit is perfect circle. If it formed from a collision it would be oblong. Science leads you to a creator. Moon covered with craters. In 1178 Europeans witnessed a large crater form (14 miles in diameter). Genesis flood may have been part of bigger catastrophe in the solar system. Earth and moon have gravity and tide connection. The moon slows down the Earth and the moon is moving away from us about 2 or 3 inches a year. The moon would have been touching the Earth 1 billion years ago. The moon is a night light, clock, calendar, compass, stabilizes seasons, tides, and preserves life. Eclipses are very rare. Churning oceans is essential to preserve oxygen in oceans.

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Origins - 1107 The Fossil Record

Dr. Jerry Bergman, Ph.D. - Ferns have remained the same 300 million years. Sumac leaf, elm leaf, sycamore leaf, Ginko leaf, grape leaf, spruce seed, Ponderosa pine, crynoids, starfish, herring, garfish, spider, dragon fly, ants, grasshopper, bee, lobster, turtle, crocodile, lizard, snake, salamander, and frog all show no signs of evolution from their oldest fossils. Living fossils. No transitional forms. Darwin thought we would find many transitions and drew a fossil tree. Today we find no evidence of transitional forms. Trees contain dotted lines instead of facts. Evolutionists disagree with each other, not just with creationists. Whale evolution – picking bones based on no scientific evidence. Traits change on trilobites. Planctonic radiolarian.

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Origins - 1106 Discovery by Design

Dr. Don DeYoung, Ph.D. - God created animal mimicry. Diatoms are all shapes and sizes. Nano technology coats diatoms to make parts for machines. Insects walk on water by creating sacks of air. Nature (God) created legs instead of wheels. Spirit (Martian rover) got stuck so new rovers will look more like insects. Shoes with rubber grooves are mimics of dog paws. Auto manufacturers looked at box fish because it is arrow dynamic. Lobster eyes are very different than other animals. The rectangular box in their eye was used to design the lobster eye telescope to look at star x-rays. Beech leaf folding was copied for space solar collectors. Fingerprints and iris prints used for identification. Femur is largest bone in the body and looks like poor design but it is so well designed that it was copied in the Eiffel Tower. Graphite Buckyballs are perfect ball bearings for small motors. Pulsars are very regular.

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Origins - 1105 Weather Insights

Dr. Don DeYoung, Ph.D. - God controls the weather. Noah, Jonah, and Revelation. Raid drops & snow flakes each different just like grass and people. Earth is only place with water cycle. Ocean acts like giant heat sync (fire won't melt a bag of water). Air pressure. Wind is needed. Lightning creates 2NO3 that creates nitrogen fertilizer into the soil. Increasing temperature creates more clouds, decreasing temperature causes less clouds. Keeps temperature in balance.

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Origins - 1104 Big Bang or Big God?

Dr. Danny Faulkner, Ph. D. - Greeks could not envision a beginning physically. Their gods were neither transcendent nor capable of creation. Newton believed the universe was eternal. He thought the universe was infinite. Einstein came up with general relativity. Introduced the cosmological constant. Hubble proved other galaxies exist and the universe is expanding. As the distance of galaxy increases the speed the galaxies are moving increase. DeSitter said there was no need for the cosmological constant (Friedman universe). Le Maitre's “cosmic egg” became modern big bang model because he gave the universe a finite age. Steady state universe where density remains constant had great appeal in 1960's. Some use big bang to ask who began the process, but that contradicts the Bible. Bible is authoritative as a history book. Creation was in 6 days about 6,000 years ago. Big bang was 13.7 billion years ago and stars came before the Earth. Big bang model is still changing due to new evidence. They are confident it is correct but it changes all the time.

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Origins - 1103 Mars, Venus, and Creation

Dr. Danny Faulkner, Ph. D. - Mars red planet looks red because of iron oxide. Ice caps are mostly carbon dioxide. Large scar is a huge canyon as wide as the US. Mars has seasons. Very little water. No liquid water due to low temperature and low pressure. Mars had water in the past visible from river channels and shore lines. On Earth life exists in harsh locations. Looking for past life on Mars. Venus very high pressure and hot. Sometime recently in past Venus had rapid plate movements. Crater impacts look very recent. Scientists think a flood could have occurred on Mars (but not on Earth). Scientists think rapid plate tectonics could occur on Venus (but not on Earth). Mars had an atmosphere in the past. How did Mars get an atmosphere to begin with if it is too small to hold it?

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Origins - 1102 Creation vs Evolution

Dr. Brad Harrub, Ph.D. - Evolution is anti-God. Intellectual peer pressure, not science. 1. Non-living things came alive. 2. Spontaneous generation occurred only once. 3. Viruses, bacteria, plants, and animals are all related. 4. Protozoa gave rise to Metazoa. 5. Various invertebrate phyla are interrelated. 6. Invertebrates gave rise to vertebrates. 7. All vertebrates gave rise to fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Law of Biogenesis. The fossil record shows a century of fudging and finagling by scientists. Coal and oil can form in weeks, months, or naturally in a few years. Gold chain, iron pot, and human footprints in coal.

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Origins - 1101 The Fossil Man

Dr. Brad Harrub, Ph.D. - Radiocarbon dating varies greatly with conditions (volcanoes). Aegyptopithecus zeuxis (28 million years) – only a few bone fragments and teeth. This is an ape. Dryopithecus africanus (20 million years) still an ape. Ramapithecus brevirostris only has a few jaw bones. Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba – few bone pieces that would have been the size of a common chimpanzee. Time magazine claimed it was becoming human with bone from 10 miles away. Kenyanthropus platyops – from 4 different areas over 17 years, only 6 bone fragments. Australopithecus afarensis – Lucy. Wrist like chimpanzee, curved fingers and ape-like limbs, rib cage-conical like apes, pelvis not large enough. Laetoli footprints are human but in 3.5 million year old ash but that makes them older than Lucy. Homo habilis – 7 pieces of bone. Circular stone hut found below Homo habilis layer indicating normal humans. Homo erectus is the same as modern man. We have apes and we have man but no missing links.

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Origins - 1010 Mudflow Madness

Dr. Steven Austin, Ph.D. - Sometimes scientists will need to go into a theoretical world (madness) to answer questions. Whitmore Nautiloid Bed. In the middle of Grand Canyon Redwall Limestone and Arizona mile marker 13.3. 200 miles long E-W (one of the worlds largest). One of seven nautiloids are standing vertical. Nautiloid Canyon 34 miles down Grand Canyon. Mass kill event hypothesis. Hundreds found. All different sizes indicating mass kill (not based on age). Apical orientation. Fossils not pointed in one direction due to water flow. Mt. Pinatubo mudflow. Like ketchup mud flows like liquid but sticks when not moving. Sediment gravity current high speed flow deposits fossils in middle. Demonstrated in laboratory. Mt. Saint Helens pyroclastic flows. Sandy gravity currents are submarine (buoyantly supported), sandy (50% by volume), liquefied (pore-fluid pressurized), laminar (non-turbulent), and hydroplaning (frictionless substrate). 25 cubic miles of sediment plus all the layers on top. Ocean floor collapse event. Nautiloids were fast moving but they didn't escape.

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Origins - 1009 Evolution The Grand Experiment - Part 3

Dr. Carl Werner - Dinosaurs to birds. Volitional changes could not occur and adaptation is not passed down to the next generation. Acquired characteristics. The more use or disuse of a feature would pass that onto your children. Lack of use does not effect the next generation. Cutting off the tails of mice for many generations. Add feathers onto dinosaur or add scales to a bird to support dinosaur to bird evolution. Archeopteryx may have had feathers on the head. Feathers have not been found on dinosaur fossils. Archaeoraptor hoax was exposed as fraud and National Geographic published it anyway 3 months later. All of Darwin's proposed mechanisms for evolution have proved to be insufficient.

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Origins - 1008 Evolution The Grand Experiment - Part 2

Dr. Carl Werner - DVD introduction. Darwin wrote whales evolved from black bears. Modern evolutionists argue about what form of land mammal. Ambulocetus eyes were very high on top of head unlike whales. Rodhocetus had no fossils of the tail or fluke or flippers and now they know it had arms. Natural selection can only remove traits, not add new ones. Neo-darwinian evolution based on mutations in genes. The probability of the correct mutations occurring make it impossible.

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Origins - 1007 Evolution The Grand Experiment - Part 1

Dr. Carl Werner - First law of thermodynamics, life from non-life, gaps in the fossil record. Formed TV production company to gain access to museums, scientists, and fossil dig sites. Started in 1997 and filmed all over the world. Spontaneous generation, rags and wheat experiment and rotting meat. Rejected in 1859. 1,000 fossil bats have been found and no ancestor. 500,000 fossil fish have been collected and 100,000,000 invertebrates yet no connection have been found. 5,000 fossil seals have been collected but no fossil connection to skunks or otters. Animals that lived with dinosaurs are the same as today (ducks, flamingos, hedgehogs, possums all the plant groups, all the animal phyla). 100,000 fossil dinosaurs found yet not one ancestor has been found. Diagrams do not reflect the fossil evidence.

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Origins - 1006 Sodom and Gomorrah - Part 2

Dr. Steve Austin, Ph. D. - Bab edh-Dhra had a large wall. Abraham's time (early bronze 3). Wadi Kerak and cemetery by border fault zone. Large change in elevation. South wall symmetrically collapsed (earth quake not human). Burial chamber looks like it was burned from above (outside the city). Numeira in Arabic translates to Gomorrah in Hebrew. Half of the city remains. Collapsed tower and collapsed house. Burn deposits overlying tower. Human skeletons in burnt tower remains. House burnt and chard. Evidence of burning outside city too. Fault zone has oozing tar from the rock. Earthquake fires and lightning. Piezoelectric effect can cause electricity in earthquakes.

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Origins - 1005 Sodom and Gomorrah - Part 1

Dr. Steve Austin, Ph. D. - Sodom and Gomorrah and the cities of the plain have been found. Zoar (Bela), Admah, Zeboiim. Brimstone some kind of pitch or tar, not stone. Cities were overturned. Furnace was very intense not like baking stove. Word catastrophe coined in Greek 2 Peter talking about these cities. Associated with Dead Sea, between mountains. Remaining city of Zoar was near by. Found in maps, other OT books, and Josephus. Madaba Map, east is up in biblical maps. Sanctuary of Holy Lot excavated. Early bronze 3 the cave was being used. Zoar is now Safi. Zoar is less than 6 hours (12 to 20 miles) from Sodom. Bab edh-Dhra possibly Sodom.

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Origins - 1004 Mt. St. Helens - Explosive Evidence for Creation

Dr. Steve Austin, Ph. D. - ICR Research Geologist. Ph. D. dissertation was confirmed by the Mount Saint Helens eruption. 1/2 cubic mile land slide. Lost 1,300 feet of elevation. Lake is now in different place. Pyroclastic flows. 3 hour eruption deposit from June 12, 1980 had 25 feet of fine layers that were laminated. Grand Canyon has the same accumulation of sand stone. Rapid erosion occurred by steam and mud flows. Solid rock from ancient volcanic flow was eroded. Steam release on March 19, 1982 melted large amount of snow causing mud flow that caused a canyon very similar to Grand Canyon. Free standing cliffs and small stream remaining. Logs floating upright sink to bottom and get buried at the bottom. Millions of logs were floating on Spirit Lake after the eruption. Bark on the bottom of the lake in large amounts similar to what would have formed coal seams.

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Origins - 1003 Scopes Monkey Trial - Part 2

Dr. David Menton, Ph.D. - Evidence for evolution. Did Scopes violate the Butler act? Darrow insulted jury and judge and was cited for contempt. They used embryology as evidence for evolution. If a human starts as one cell and turns into a grown human, than in the past one cell evolved into a human. Experts testified in a deposition but not before the jury because evolution was not on trial. Darrow quoted “The morning and evening were the first day” but Bryan conceded that they were not 24 hour days. Scopes found guilty. Fine was overturned. Bryan died 5 days after the trial. Everything we see in the fossil record is fully formed.

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Origins - 1002 Scopes Monkey Trial - Part 1

Dr. David Menton, Ph.D. - Most famous trial ever. Dayton Tennessee. Before the trial creation was the standard. Play and movie Inherit The Wind. Showed the event as a witch hunt when the opposite is true. Teaching evolution of man was against the law in 34 states. ACLU wanted to change that law in 1925. John Scopes taught math and coached football. Filled in for sick biology teacher for last two weeks of the year. Scopes never violated the law. The towns people were not angry. The students were coached by the lawyers. ACLU advertised to test case and Scopes responded to the advertisement. He never spent time in jail. William Jennings Bryan. Clarence Darrow.

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Origins - 1001 Creation: The Greatest Miracle

Jerry Bergman, Ph.D. - Creation ex nihilo. Genesis and Revelation are the most disputed books. Galaxies 11.2 billion light-years away (some even further). Adam scientific exam showed him as an adult but other tests would show very young age (calcium deposits, DNA damage, artery deposits). New Testament references to Adam. Appearance of age has to exist in ex nihilo creation. Some evidence shows earth as old, some shows it is young. Tables of evidence. Universe functions as a whole unit (like Adam). Interpret Bible historically, not literal.

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Origins - 915 Irreducible Complexity

Jerry Bergman, Ph.D. - In order for something to function it must have a minimum number of parts. Everything is irreducible complex (IC) except fundamental particles. Quarks, leptons, bosons. Mouse trap. Radios, televisions, MRI, automobiles, all life. Clock. The E. coli bacterial flagellar motor (Helicobacter pylori). The rotor alone can operate at 6,000 to 17,000 rpm and can switch directions. Parts are selected by an intelligent engineer to make the whole. No evidence of evolutionary history. About 70 specified proteins needed to function. A cell is the most complex machine ever designed. People spend entire careers studying a single part of the cell. Court ruling. Michael Behe.

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Origins - 914 Creation Stories

Jerry Bergman, Ph.D. - Creation Myths. Myth does not describe if it is true or not true, just describes accounts of origins. Evidence that most creation myths had their origin from an actual set of events. Creation from nothing (Navajo and Mayan). Creation from Chaos (Greek, Chinese, Finnish, Indian, Japanese, and Egyptian ). Emergence Myths - God shaped raw material ex-nihilo, then shaped it into life. Separation Myths - divisions or a separation of something occurs (such as the division of day and night) (Polynesian) . Creation From Cosmic Seed - God made humans, animals, plants, and the earth out of the cosmic seed (Big Bang, Indian, Phoenician, Egyptian, Orphic, and Chinese). Common: Tower of Babel, serpent, global flood (Syrian, Sumerian, Greek, Babylonian, Chinese, Irish, Persian, Estonian , American Indian). Creation myths from widely different geographical areas are strikingly similar. Ancients were not ignorant. Except lacking modern gadgetry, the ancient life was very similar to today . Manuscripts for Genesis are more than all other myths combined.

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Origins - 913 Persuaded By The Evidence

Jerry Bergman, Ph.D. - To show that people reject evolution based on the evidence. Evolution (from the goo to you by way of the zoo) is not true, based on science, not religion. Over 3000 names of Ph.D. scientists that doubt Darwin. Many more can be added but they don't want their names published. Ernst Mayer defined “Darwinism” as the rejection of “all supernatural phenomena and causations. The theory of evolution by natural selection explains the adaptedness and diversity of the world solely materialistically. It no longer requires God as creator or designer .” False atheist scholarship about the church killing scientists. Molecules to man evolution did not, and could never have, happened. Based on science, not religion. Look at evidence only. Junk DNA is not considered junk anymore. Dr. Duane Gish , Dr. Henry Morris , Raymond Damadian MD , Warner Von Brawn , Everett C. Koop. MD . 90% of U.S. Population are creationist of some type.

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Origins - 912 Slaughter of the Dissidents

Jerry Bergman, Ph.D. - Fired from the university BGSU in 1979 for questioning Darwinism. Denial of tenure, degrees, promotion common. Less problem at community college. Four year colleges worse. Research universities are the worst. Didn't get in trouble for what they did but for who they are and what they believe. Hate movement against those who challenge Darwinism. Most problems are in academia. Few in government, military, industry, or business. Critiquing evolution got them in trouble and not teaching creation/design. Stay in the closet. Louisiana has a law that protects those who criticize evolution. Documented over 300 cases. Moore v. Gaston Board of Education. Court ruled they can teach against religion. The word 'purpose' ended career. Evolution is rarely defined. Legislation is needed to protect teachers.

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Origins - 911 Starlight and Time

Russ Humphreys, Ph.D. - Waters at the edge of the universe. Expanse in the midst. Waters above like a giant ring on a trampoline. Gravitational energy. Water mass 20 times the mass of all galaxies. Earth just above the timeless level. Time dilation. God created stars on day 4. Stretching of the heavens moved the ring off the trampoline chaining the time dilation. Time passed out in space but not at the Earth on the 4th day. Distant galaxies look fully formed like nearby ones (not what Big Bang predicts). Stretching of space causes red shift. Pioneer anomaly. Pioneer is way past solar system and it is slowing down faster than expected.

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Origins - 910 Center of the Universe

Russ Humphreys, Ph.D. - Our galaxy is the center of the universe, “quantized” redshifts say. Light waves from distant galaxies are longer (redder) than normal. Lines from hydrogen atoms located between us and the galaxy are shifted. Hubble found the farther the galaxy, the bigger the redshift. Some galaxies like Andromeda are moving toward us (blue-shift). Light-year = 6,000,000,000,000 miles. Astronomers have confirmed that redshifts are in regularly-spaced groups. Hubble's law would change groups of redshifts into groups of distances. Galaxies form concentric shells around us. Moving away from the center would change the distances. Probability less than 1 in a trillion. The big bang theory can't tolerate a center (universe like the surface of the balloon). Quantized redshifts are evidence against the big bang theory. Some secular cosmology has said the cosmos expands out of a white hole, has a center, makes shock waves.

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Origins - 909 Young World Evidence - Part 2

Russ Humphreys, Ph.D. - Geochemist believes there must be a way for salt to leave the oceans because we know the oceans are billions of years old. ICR Impact article 384. All fossils give young Carbon 14 (C-14) ages. Coal, wood, shells, bone, marble, natural gas, CO2, calcite, & oil give ages of less than 70,000 years. Diamonds also have C-14 age of 58,000 years. Can't be contaminated internally. Didn't contaminate externally. Underground neutron count too low. Helium leakage from zircons. Uranium decays releasing alpha particles that become helium. U-238 to Pb-206. Measure the lead and calculate the helium diffusion rate. Measured rates in 2003 matched the creationist predictions made in 2000. Evolutionary ages off by factor of 100,000.

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Origins - 908 Young World Evidence - Part 1

Russ Humphreys, Ph.D. - 90% of dating methods give a young earth age. ICR Impact article 384. Galaxies wind themselves up too fast. Less than 0.3 billion years to windup. Distant galaxy magnetic fields are young. Magnetic fields follow spiral arms (less than 0.3 billion years windup). Comets crumble too quickly. Lifetime less than 10,000 years. Supposed Ort cloud that feeds Kuiper belt (both never seen). Sea floor mud accumulates too fast. Mud entering at 20 billion tons per year. Maximum age 12 million years. Sea is not salty enough. Sodium in at 450 million tons per year and out 120 million tons per year. Max age 62 million years. Earth's magnetic field is losing energy too fast (half every 1400 years). Max age 20,000 years. Field reversals during the Genesis flood. Mercury's magnetic field is young. It is dropping according to creationists predictions. Mitochondrial Eve about 6,000 years. DNA found in amber less than 10,000 years. Permian bacteria revived. Neanderthal DNA recovered. Dinosaur blood cells. There should be 8 billion graves of the 200,000 years of hunter and gathers but they do not exist. Written history is too short (5,000 years).

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Origins - 907 The Worldwide Flood - Part 3

Dr. Andrew Snelling, Ph.D. - Rapid or no erosion between rock layers. Sedimentary layers below the Tapeats was from before the flood. Storm beds of sand above Tapeats Sandstone. Boulders the size of cars and houses in storm beds indicate fast water. Temple Butte Limestone forms in local erosion channel. No evidence of erosion between Mauv and Redwall limestone that are on top of and below Temple Butte Limestone. Coconino Sandstone and shale boundary are completely flat and no erosion marks. Entire sequences of rock layers bent without fractures. Tapeats Sandstone and all the rock layers above are bent before the rock cemented. Eliminates 480 million years of supposed geologic time. Polystrate fossils in Newcastle, Australia were pine trees without roots in two different coal seams with volcanic ash in between. Pine trees don't grow in swamps. Eliminates thousands of years of supposed history. Joggins, Nova Scotia (Canada) has polystrate trees that penetrate 20 geological horizons throughout 2,500 feet of strata. 2,500 feet of strata had to be deposited in less than a few years before the trees rotted. Catastrophic sedimentation.

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Origins - 906 The Worldwide Flood - Part 2

Dr. Andrew Snelling, Ph.D. - Uniformitarianism requires millions of years. Tapeats Sandstone, Redwall Limestone & Coconino Sandstone belong to five megasequences of strata that can be traced right across North America. Redwall equivalents (same features and fossils) can be seen in Arizona, Tennessee, Pennsylvania, England, and Himalaya mountains. The Cretaceous chalk beds of southern England can be found in Northern Ireland, Europe, Egypt, Turkey, Midwest USA from Nebraska to Texas, and southern Western Australia with the same fossils and same beds above and below. Sand cross beds deposited by water like in San Francisco bay. Coconino volume 10,000 cubic miles of sand. Sand waves must have been 60 ft high at 3-5 miles per hour based on bed features. The entire bed deposited in a few days. Uluru (Ayers Rock) in central Australia: mixture of sand grain size, jagged corners, and remnant of quick dissolving mineral indicate rapid deposit. Layers tilted 80 degrees, 18,000 – 20,000 feet thickness, and were transported from 63 miles away by turbidity currents in several hours. Coconino sand is pure quartz eroded from far northeast (Canada). Navajo Sandstone zircon and quartz eroded from Appalachians of Pennsylvania and New York. Water current direction indicators (layering and ripples) indicate flow from northeast to southwest for supposedly 300 million years across the globe.

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Origins - 905 The Worldwide Flood - Part 1

Dr. Andrew Snelling, Ph.D. - Many geologists accept catastrophism and not uniformitarianism. Evidence #1 marine creatures on land, #2 land and sea creatures buried together. Top of the Grand Canyon seven of the rock layers have marine fossils over 1 mile above sea level. Redwall Limestone contains crinoids, bryozoans, lamp shells, nautiloids (1 ft (children), 3 & 4 ft (parents), and 6 ft (grandparents) nautiloids). Nautiloids cover 180 miles from Grand Canyon to Las Vegas. In Montceau-les-Mines, France there are hundreds of thousands of marine creatures buried with amphibians, spiders, scorpions, millipedes, insects, and reptiles. Local flood would only have land creatures. In Florissant, Colorado there are a wide variety of insects, freshwater molluscs, fish, birds, and several hundred plant species (including nuts and blossoms) buried together. Bird must have been buried quickly. In Wyoming fossil graveyards of alligator, fish (gar-pike 1-2 meters long, sunfish, deep sea bass, chubs, pickerel, herring, and others), birds, turtles, mammals, molluscs, crustaceans, many varieties of insects, and palm leaves (2-2.5 meters long) buried together. Fossil Bluff, Wynyard, Tasmania there are thousands of marine creatures (corals, bryozoans, molluscs) buried with a toothed whale and marsupial possum. Fossil beds are not creatures that lived together, but it is where they are buried together. Very large shrinking inland salt water lakes are evidence of the flood. More than 7 trillion tons of vegitation buried in the world's coal beds (US coal beds are the same as the ones in England and Russia). Large fossils in chalk beds must have been buried rapidly. Fish in the ocean don't fossilize today (rot or eaten) because they are not rapidly buried. Jellyfish fossils must have been rapidly buried (less than one day). Fish buried while eating or ichthyosaur giving birth.

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Origins - 904 Science: The Whole Story

Dr. Danny Faulkner, Ph.D. - Chicken or the egg. Science deals with the five senses. Operational science is testable and repeatable. Historical (or origins) science is not repeatable or testable. Operational gives facts but historical gives probability. Ancient Greeks used deductive or inductive science (earth size and shape, geocentric theory). Sir Francis Bacon, 1561 – 1626, Novum Organum, developed the Scientific Method and refined inductive reasoning. He wrote extensively about theology. His belief in God made science possible. Sir Isaac Newton, 1643 – 1727, Principia, Optics, calculus, physics. He wrote ten times as much on theology as science or math. Scientists Nicolas Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Tycho Brahe, and Johannes Kepler were influenced by Christianity. God is a God of order, He is knowable, and he imprinted some of his characteristics upon the creation. Therefore, the world is ordered and knowable. Ancient western deities were not transcendent. Yin and Yan of far East world changes. Other religions the world is not knowable, ordered, or predictable. 17th century belief: Bible is the authority in theology, history, and science. 18th century “enlightenment – humanism, atheism, deism. Church wanted to accommodate 1859 Darwin's Origin of Species. Definition of science changed.

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Origins - 903 The Impact of Craters

Dr. Danny Faulkner, Ph.D. - Where did the craters come from? Why are there so many on the moon? Mercury, Venus, Mars, and asteroids have craters too. No craters on Io, Jupiter's moon. Very volcanic active. Craters have been filled. Europa, and Ganymede has a few craters. Mimas (moon of Saturn) has a huge crater. Triton (moon of Neptune) has a different crater regions. 2000 year old meteor crater in Arizona. Volcanoes and impacts produce craters. We think most are impacts. Old surfaces have many craters. Young surfaces have few craters. Overlapped craters and erosion can give relative ages for craters. Meteor mostly iron. Craters on Earth explode in atmosphere. Moon has no atmosphere so meteor stays intact. Moon has highlands (lighter in color, less dense, more craters) and maria (darker, denser, less craters, round craters). Highlands are granite, maria is basalt. Part of the moon that faces us is half maria but backside of the moon is 95% highlands. Highlands mostly formed on the day of creation. Impact basins formed during the flood as moon suffered collateral damage from object hitting Earth.

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Origins - 902 Design in Astronomy

Dr. Danny Faulkner, Ph.D. - Two explanations on how we got here: Evolution or creation (physical or supernatural). Changes how you look at the world. Christian with atheistic worldview. We see physical processes but not God's handiwork (Psalm 19). Total solar eclipse. Pictures can not capture what the eye can. Moon 400 times smaller than sun but also 400 times closer. Earth is the only planet in our solar system that has total solar eclipses. Moon very close and large mass compared to other planets satellites. Moon is in the same plane as the sun (ecliptic plane instead of equatorial plane). No large satellite in the solar system is in that orbit. It stabilizes our tilt and prevents the earth from wobbling. Neptune is very active and generates heat. Habitable zone away from sun. Proper size and composition (moon is also in habitable zone). Needs a diatomic atmosphere (nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2)). Polyatomic atmospheres (carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor (H2O), methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3)) are greenhouse gases and trap heat. All other planets are polyatomic. Water is crucial. Earth is the only place we know has liquid water. Anthropic principle.

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Origins - 901 What About Comets?

Dr. Danny Faulkner, Ph.D. - Nucleus made of rock and ice. Sun heats up gas and radiates a tail. Ice, carbon dioxide, dust (dirty iceberg). Small nucleus (few miles). Gas and dust released perihelion (near sun). Ion or dust tail. Tail points away from the sun, not behind the comet. Deep impact smashed into comet found low density (very porous – fall apart easily). Comet impacted into Jupiter. Comets have short life span due to: Evaporation, Collision, Ejection from solar system. Comets must be far younger than 4 billion years. Creationists and evolutionists agree comets are not forming today. Kuiper belt (short term comets) and Oort belt (long term comets) hypothesized as solutions. Short period have low inclinations. Long period have all inclinations. They think comets are pulled in by gravity out of the belts. Science uses the five senses but these belts are not part of science because they have never been seen. Hundreds of objects found beyond Neptune. Trans-Neptune objects instead of Kuiper belt objects. All the TNO are 10x the size of comets and too dense. Pluto density half rock and half ice (much more than comets). Kuiper belt (the source of comets) has not been found.

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Origins - 817 Lucy: Shes No Lady

Dr. David Menton, Ph.D. - Lucy is not only not a human but she is also not female. Evolution tree is mostly dotted lines. African apes have almost no fossil links. Australopithecus = Southern ape. Lucy found in Ethiopia in 1974, 40% complete. Clearly had an ape skull based on other A. afarensis. Statues of Lucy clearly make it look like a human body with ape head. Zoo admits the statue is not accurate but they want to teach it is true. Creatures like Lucy have very curved fingers like a pygmy chimp. Also evidence it had locking hands like a knuckle walker. Curvature of toes is very similar to a chimp. Trail 73 ft long consisting of 20 larger footprints and 27 smaller footprints in Laetoli, Tanzania identical to modern man. They have to believe an ape made the footprints due to the 4 million year conventional age of the layer but it is not possible for apes to walk like that. Humans have a 15 degree carrying angle on the knee to walk upright. Gorilla has no angle. Lucy had 15 degree angle. Orangutan and Spider monkey have 9 degree angle today. Monkeys that walk on limbs need feet close together. Human hip goes front to back. Lucy goes side to side. Jeffery Dahmer believed evolution and thought there was no point to modify your behavior to keep it within acceptable ranges.

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Origins - 816 Isochron Discordance

Dr. Larry Vardiman, Ph.D. - RATE. Technique for estimating age of rocks. Same rock, different dating methods, produce different ages. Diabase was once liquid injected through crack. Grand Canyon bottom layers. Bass diabase. Igneous rock can be dated using isochron methods. Uranium – lead (alpha decay). Potassium – argon (beta decay). Rubidium – strontium (beta decay). Samarium – neodymium (alpha decay). Results from same rock produce 1 billion years of discordance (error). Assumption that the rate of decay is constant is the reason these methods do not work. Possibly some relationship between atomic weight and decay rate.

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Origins - 815 Carbon 14 Isotopes

Dr. Larry Vardiman, Ph.D. - RATE. Organisms that have died or plants. Coal and diamonds have carbon. Assumed coal is 100 million years old so they usually don't carbon date them. Accelerator Mass Spectrometer is much better detecting Carbon 14. Cosmic radiation converts Nitrogen 14 to Carbon 14 in the atmosphere. Plants absorb 14C that are eaten by animals. At death the 14C starts decaying. Measurement is made based on the 14C ratio to normal 12C. Trees that turn into coal trap the 14C. 70 sets of data from 14C in coal samples. Mean 14C/C ratio is 0.3. Deeper coal has the same amount of 14C as the top 14C indicating they were deposited at the same time. Contamination of coal from water? Carbon 14 has been found in fossils from all areas. Diamonds from deep mines and stream beds all have 14C. Both coal and diamonds have a conventional age of 50,000 years based on the 14C. Diamonds can not be contaminated by carbon 14 because they are the hardest element in the world. Flood would have had a major change of 14C/12C due to the burial of most of the plants. Adjusting the carbon 14 ratio would change the age of coal and diamonds to 5,000 years.

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Origins - 814 Radiohalo Studies

Dr. Larry Vardiman, Ph.D. - RATE Radioisotopes and the Age of The Earth. Take away billions of years and evolution is not possible. Polonium radiohalos are damaged rock spheres. U Uranium (atomic number 92, atomic mass 238.03) decays into Pb Lead (atomic number 82 atomic mass 207.20). Inside of granite with black specks is biotite. Inside biotite is zircons (zirconium silicate). Alpha particles shooting out produce spheres of damage. Parent isotope is determined by number of rings. Polonium has a very short half-life. Rock must be cool to save halo. Process had to happen very quickly. Uranium decay to produce polonium, polonium moved through the rock by fluid, another polonium halo formed away from uranium. Magma into solid rock, into cool rock, into rock, with fluid flowing through it within 1 year. Direct evidence of the Fingerprint of God at creation and during flood. Layers at the bottom of the sedimentary column have the most polonium halos indicating it happened during the flood. Accelerated decay research to get rid of nuclear waste.

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Origins - 813 Helium Diffusion Rates

Dr. Larry Vardiman, Ph.D. - Uranium parent. Helium daughter. Assumptions: No daughter element originally; Constant decay rate; Closed system. RATE hypothesis: Accelerated decay has occurred; Some daughter elements may be primordial; Radioactive processes have produced evidence of radioactive decay. Used conventional labs. Granite is white rock with black specks of biotite mica. Inside the biotite are zircons. Separated minerals. Helium escapes balloons just like rocks. An equivalent of 1.5 billion years of nuclear decay occurred between 4000 – 8000 years ago. Uranium 238 decays to lead 207 and releases 8 alpha particles that capture electrons to become helium. If the rocks were billions of years old all the helium would have escaped. Lead gives a date of 1.5 billion years but helium gives a date of thousands. Los Alamos geothermal site granite. Deeper and hotter rock has less helium. Diffusivity: creation model vs uniformitarian model. Data perfectly fits the creation model with a 100,000 times difference compared to the uniformitarian model.

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Origins - 812 Intro to RATE

Dr. Larry Vardiman, Ph.D. - Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth. Carbon 14 dates organisms. Long age isotopes date long age non-living things. Measurement of ratios to infer time. Isotopes have different neutrons in the nucleus. Video from “Thousands not Billions”. Nuclear decay as sand in an hour glass (parent) turning into daughter isotopes. Assumptions: The amount of parent and daughter isotopes have not been altered; When the rock formed it contained a known amount of the daughter isotope (usually zero); Decay rate has been constant. Nuclear processes have been accelerated in the past. Phase 1: 3 year development of research proposal (first RATE book). Phase 2: 5 years of research (second RATE book and video documentary). Final rate book highly technical. Thousands Not Billions book and video is a not as technical summary. Rate of helium diffusing out of rocks estimate the age of the Earth is 6,000 years (+/- 2,000 years). Polonium halos decay had to occur very rapidly indicating rapid radioactive decay. Carbon 14 in coal and diamonds found indicating they are not billions of years old. A large amount of decay has occurred. Large amounts of helium and C14 in coal indicates it must have happened in a short time. Nuclear processes were accelerated sometime in Earth's history. The Bible is scientifically reliable.

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Origins - 811 Breath of Life - Heart and Blood Vessels

Dr. David Menton, Ph.D. - Circulatory Pattern. Blood looks blue when its oxygen is used. Arteries carry blood out. Arterioles are next, then capillaries. Blood takes oxygen from lungs and returns nutrients and CO2. Venules. Red blood cell lasts 120 days. Small arteries at high pressure and fast speed, large veins returning the blood. Vein is squeezed by muscles to push blood back to heart. Neurovascular Bundle. Artery, vein, and nerves run together. Blood vessels and heart lined with endothelium cells. Blood only clots if vein tears and blood is not touching endothelium cells. Artery made of rubber like material that stretches at each heart beat. Aorta largest artery in body. If it was not stretchy each heart beat would cause pressure problems. Heart, brain, and spine of 4 month old embryo. Babies need the heart working first. Lubricated sack in heart essential to living. Heart is actually two hearts. When the heart develops a spiral crosses the pipes to prevent two circles from forming. Valves have to be one way and have strings attached. Papillary muscle keeps valve strings tight. Atria, ventricles and interventricular septum. Heart has built in pacemaker. Each cell beats on its own but when they touch the cells beat together. Coronary arteries and cardiac veins. Heart valve blocks coronary artery each pump to prevent high pressure rupture. A bump under the valve prevents it from sticking open.

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Origins - 810 Breath of Life - Lungs and Blood

Dr. David Menton, Ph.D. - Logs burn with oxidation. We can't use the food we eat without oxygen. Nasal cavity has a radiator and humidifier (Olfactory mucosa). Air goes into pharynx and larynx through esophagus into lungs. Sack around the lungs lubricates lungs to reduce heat from friction. Ribs come down at an angle and slope to front and swings to make room for the air. Trachea branches into the respiratory tree. Dust and dirt that gets inhaled gets stuck in mucus. Trillions of cilia in lungs beat in a metachronal rhythm to push dirt out. The tips of the respiratory tree are alveoli air sacks covered with blood vessels to pickup oxygen from the air. Type 1 cell lines the sacks in the lung, the Type 2 cell is secretes surfactant (a dish washer detergent) to reduce the surface tension otherwise the lungs would collapse and stick together. Premature babies don't have surfactant so they blow some detergent in. Blood is not alive but the only way you can finally die is lack of blood. Red cells and white cells. White blood cells fight disease. Red blood cells pulls oxygen from lung. Special shape (bi-concave disk) is the optimum shape to maximize the surface area to the volume and it is the right diameter to fit in a capillary. Sickle-cell anemia changes shape of red blood cell. 539 amino acids have to be arranged in hemoglobin in the correct order. By chance it would be 4x10^619. 4x10^80 is the number of electrons that could pack the universe.

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Origins - 809 God's Girders - Part 2

Dr. David Menton, Ph.D. - Bones and skeleton. How do you grow from 20” to 6' tall? An adult has about 206 bones. A baby has many more bones than an adult because multiple bones fuse as you grow. 6 bones in the body that do not grow. Ear bones (3 each side) hammer, anvil, and stirrup. For bone to grow you have to have both cells that make bone and cells that remove bone (modeling). Osteoblasts (adds bone) and osteoclasts (remove bone). Osteoclast removes bone so fast you can see it in a microscope. Piezoelectric affect – crystals vibrated create electrical currents. Bones are changing all the time. Pushing on bone for 6 months will cause change in bone (braces, glasses). Our bones are constantly fixing micro-fractures by removing and adding bone. Femur, trabeculae stress lines, are designed to resist stress from the pelvis. A pregnant woman's bone re-models to account for the weight and afterward goes back to normal. Compact bone stronger than cast iron for the same weight. Made of rings and rings of cross layered bone that forms around a hole drilled for blood vessel. Bone is hard and brittle but they are blended with fibers to make it strong (composite like fiber glass or re-enforced concrete). Exodus 5 straw for brick. Human eye 500,000 times faster than a camera.

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Origins - 808 God's Girders - Part 1

Dr. David Menton, Ph.D. - Girders support roof “Warren's Truss”. Palm bone of vulture has same truss design. Vertebrates. Bones let us move and support the body. They also make blood. Processes on vertebrates act as levers for muscles to push on. Liquid shock absorbers between vertebrates. Christian Sir James Young Simpson invented chloroform for surgery by reading Genesis where God put Adam to sleep. 12 ribs (one for each apostle). Hang at angle. Pelvis has sacrum made of fused bone. Also coccyx (tail bone) is fused vertebrates. Many muscles are attached to the coccyx. Baby skeleton. First bones to form are collar bone. The rest is cartilage that turns into bone later. Books from 30 years ago are useless today because what we learn is constantly changing. God's word is the same. Cartilage can grow from the inside and expand but bone has to be repaired like plaster. As bone forms from cartilage blood vessels and marrow appear to start the blood production. Cartilage must be maintained on the ends of the bones at each joint. Cartilage has no blood vessels. Surface is smooth with very small bumps to allow lubricant through. Automatic lubrication. Growth plate cartilage grows thicker so children can grow then that cartilage turns into bone. Femur, spongy bone, is less dense and leaves room for marrow. Osteoblasts and Osteocytes.

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Origins - 807 Design Demands a Designer

Dr. Brad Harrub, Ph.D. - 3 options of where matter came from. The universe is eternal, It created itself from nothing, It was created. Modern science denies an eternal existence. Alan Guth: Universe was smaller than a proton that weighted about 25 pounds. How did it get bigger and increase in weight. Nothing produces nothing. Since something exists it must follow that something has existed forever. That something was responsible for the creation of the Universe. Credible scientists admit there was a creator. Teleological argument. Position of the Earth. Rotation. Makeup of the Earth. Correct sun. Odds 1/4,032,000,000,000,000,000. Water keeps planet right temperature. Sun is a perfect giant nuclear reactor. Orbit is only departs by 1/9” over 18 miles. Moon is perfect for tides that plants depend on to create 98% of the oxygen we breathe. What came first, nerves or organs? It takes a cell to make a cell. Where did that first cell come from? Where does memory storage come from? Stomach produces hydrochloric acid. What came first, the acid or the container that stores the acid? Liver, pancreas, stomach acid, intestinal enzymes are all needed to process food. What came first, the heart or the blood? Circulatory system works together. Prove the existence of God: Laws exist, morals exist.

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Origins - 806 Was Darwin Wrong?

Dr. Brad Harrub, Ph.D. - National Geographic says NO. Evidence is solid and abundant. 1. Horse evolution. Eohippus (Hyracotherium) supposed horse ancestor but was not put together with fitting parts (known in 1954). Some text books are still using horses but others have gone to camels. 2. Embryology. Haeckel's drawings in 1874 were fake but they still use them in as support. Now that the human embryo is know at all stages embryology is false (known in 1932). 3. Archacoptrix. Bird with teeth. Science does not show dinosaurs changing into birds. Archaeoraptor fraud. 4. Microevolution vs. macroevolution. “Natural selection can explain the survival of the fittest, but it can not explain the arrival of the fittest” (1905). 5. Vestigial organs. Long regarded as vestigial all the organs have had uses found. 6. Viruses and bacteria. Considered the best evidence. Antibiotic resitsance does not occur after receiving antibiotic but already exists. Mutant strands are weaker in their natural environment. Regardless they are still the same kind of bacteria and have not evolved.

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Origins - 805 Dinosaurs!

Dr. Brad Harrub, Ph.D. - The Magic School Bus “No people have ever seen dinosaurs”. National Geographic “No human being has ever seen a dinosaur”. January 2005 A mammal found with a small dinosaur in the stomach region. Ica Stones of Peru with dermal frills. 1992 discovered imprint of dinosaur skin with dermal frills. Acambaro Mexico dinosaur figurines. Throwing out evidence to keep the theory. Radiocarbon dating dinosaur bone dated 9000 years old. Cambodia Buddhist temple dinosaur. Natural Bridges National Monument (Utah) dinosaur petroglyph. Herodotus (Greek historian) describes flying serpent like large bat. Jewish historian Josephus wrote about flying serpents. Cave art of huge reptile with long tail (edmontosaurus) and other animals by Indians by Grand Canyon. March 24, 2005 Soft tissue, blood vessels, and possibly red blood cells discovered in T-rex bone. Carlisle Cathedral tomb of Richard Bell died 1496, bronze ring with dinosaurs engraved with other animals. Burrial cloths and pottery from Peru (700 A.D.). Roman mural in hand made tiles from 2nd century A.D. Showing two long-necked dragons. Mesopotamian cylinder seal. Narmer tablets from the first Pharaoh of a united Egypt. Behemoth in Job 40. Leviathan in Job 41. Marco Polo said in 1271 A.D. emperor raised dragons to pull chariots. In 1611 A.D. Chinese emperor appointed the post of royal dragon feeder. Viking ships often had a dragon head (1000 A.D.).

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Origins - 804 Evolution Indoctrination

Dr. Brad Harrub, Ph.D. - Kids are being taught what to think not how to think. Hitler, Stalin, Mao Sa Tung wanted to control the textbooks. McGuffey's Readers used in public schools. Lord's prayer, Ten Commandments taught. U.S. Supreme court changed meaning of separation of church and state. Websters dictionary: Bible is the Word of God. Holt Biology “You are an animal and share a common heritage with earth worms”. Prentice Hall biology “humans evolved from common ancestors” “chimpanzees and apes”. HBJ Earth science “humans probably evolved from bacteria”. Arms and Camp biology “By 7 months, the fetus looks from the outside like a tiny normal baby, but it is not”. Rape is evolutionary. 1st grade Merrill science “Earth has changed much since its formation 4.5 billion years ago”. 2nd grade “Since its formation 4.5 billion years ago, Earth has changed” “life too, has evolved”. Prentice Hall science “18 to 20 billion years ago” “big bang”. “Can not allow a divine foot in the door”. Dawkins “attacking all gods”.

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Origins - 803 Global Warming

Dr. Larry Vardiman, Ph.D. - NOAA is main source of weather information along with NASA. Mauna Loa Observatory – carbon dioxide monitoring. CO2 has increased 20% since 1958. Annual oscillation because marine growth absorbs CO2. Buoy in Gulf of Alaska measuring sea surface temperature has risen 3.5 degrees F since 1977 for that buoy. Frequency of hurricanes have increased since 1850. Arctic Sea ice since 1980 has decreased. Global warming has occurred over last 20-30 years but could be part of a longer cycle. May be related to sun spot activity. Ocean temperature warming releases large amount of CO2. Increased CO2 may be the result of warming and not the cause.

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Origins - 802 The Big Freeze

Dr. Larry Vardiman, Ph.D. - Evidence of an “Ice Age”. Mountain glaciers, ice sheets, drumlins, moraines, kettles, striations, erratics. New York city 1000 ft deep in ice. Requirement for an ice age – greater snow fall & cooler summer. Warmer air holds more water = rain. Cooler air holds less water = not as much snow. Ice age could not happen under current weather conditions. Biblical model – volcanic dust, more cloudiness, barren land, snow-cover cooling, variation in carbon dioxide (ocean bloom lowers CO2), fixed storm tracks, high ocean evaporation (El Nino on entire globe). Ocean water temperature 90 – 100 degrees caused more evaporation causing more snow. One long mountain range under water 40,000 miles long (mid-Atlantic ridge around Australia and up Pacific). Time of Abraham (2000 BC) Ice Age was probably over. B-17 & P-38 crashed in 1942 in Greenland (Lost Squadron). Found 50 years later under 250 ft of ice.

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Origins - 801 Hypercanes

Dr. Larry Vardiman, Ph.D. - Hypercanes were the result of the Genesis flood. Warmer ocean temperature causes more water vapor. Water vapor is fuel for hurricanes. MIT professor developed the concept of hypercanes being thermodynamic engine. Post flood water temperature 90 – 120 degrees F. Boundary of blowoff. Measure of vorticity. 500 – 600 mph horizontal wind speeds. 100 mph vertical wind speed. 50 inches per hour of rain. Hypercanes successfully modeled using MM5. Likely there were many hypercanes after the flood. 1000 years to cool the ocean off. Jet stream could have been 50% faster and maybe further South. Appalachians highly eroded compared to Rockey mountains.

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Origins - 714 Vestigial Organs - From One Hundred to None

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Origins - 713 Was your Ancestor an Ape?

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Origins - 712 Beauty is Skin Deep - Color of our Skin

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Origins - 711 Beauty is Skin Deep - Elements of our Hair

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Origins - 710 Beauty is Skin Deep - Elements of our Skin

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Origins - 651 The Hearing Ear

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Origins - 650 The Seeing Eye

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Origins - 512 Fearfully and Wonderfully Made - Part 2

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Origins - 511 Fearfully and Wonderfully Made - Part 1

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Origins - 510 Formed to Fly

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Origins - 509 Noahs Flood Washing Away Millions of Years

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Origins - 508 The Rocks Cry Out: The Earth is Young

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Origins - 507 Mutations Prove Creation Part 2

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Origins - 506 Mutations Prove Creation Part 1

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Origins - 505 Galileo

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Origins - 452 Human Cloning

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Origins - 451 The Bible is Scientifically Accurate

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Origins - 450 Making the Case for Creation

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Origins - 449 In Search of Intelligent Design

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Origins - 448 Dinosaurs Have you been Brainwashed

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Origins - 447 Where did the Idea Come From

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Origins - 446 Evolution Roadblocks - Creation Support

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Origins - 445 The Statistical Impossibility of Evolution

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Origins - 444 Analyzing An Outdated Theory

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Origins - 443 Age of the Earth - Part 2

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Origins - 442 Age of the Earth - Part 1

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